Abstract
Methods Nine thousand three hundred fifty-four Chinese children, ages 5-17 years old, from 24 elementary schools and 24 middle schools in the Seven Northeastern Cities during 2012-2013 were evaluated. The weight, height, and BP were measured. Four-year average concentrations of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) were calculated from monitoring stations. Two-level regression analysis was used to examine the effects, controlling for covariates.
Results The results showed that associations existed between hypertension and pollutants. The odds ratios for hypertension ranged from 1.12 per 46.3 μg/m3 increase for O2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.13) to 1.68 per 30.6 μg/m3 increase for PM10 (95% CI, 1.53-1.86). The increases in mean diastolic BP ranged from 0.58 mm Hg per 46.3 μg/m3 increase for O2 (95% CI, 0.52-0.63 mm Hg) to 2.89 mm Hg per 563.4 μg/m3 increase for CO (95% CI: 2.53-3.24 mm Hg). The increase in systolic BP ranged from 0.50 mm Hg per 46.3 μg/m3 increase for O2 (95% CI: 0.43-0.57 mm Hg) to 2.10 mm Hg per 30.6 μg/m3 increase for PM10 (95% CI, 1.73-2.47 mm Hg). Compared with children who had been breastfed, non-breastfed children exhibited consistently stronger effects. Conclusion Study findings indicate that high levels of PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO are associated with increased arterial BP and hypertension among the children. Breastfeeding may reduce the risk.
Background Little is known about the association between air pollution and hypertension among children, and no studies report whether breastfeeding modifies this association in children.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 956-961 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | International Journal of Cardiology |
Volume | 176 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2014 Oct 20 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors acknowledge the cooperation of the seven cities, school principals, teachers, and students and their parents. This work was supported by grants from China Environmental Protection Foundation ( CEPF2008-123-1-5 ). The authors report no competing financial interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine