Abstract
We analyze the stratospheric waves in models participating in phase 1 of the Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Quasi-Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi). All models have robust Kelvin and mixed Rossby-gravity wave modes in winds and temperatures at 50 hPa and represent them better than most of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. There is still some spread among the models, especially concerning the mixed Rossby-gravity waves. We attribute the variability in equatorial waves among the QBOi models in part to the varying horizontal and vertical resolutions, to systematic biases in zonal winds, and to the considerable variability in convectively coupled waves in the troposphere among the models: only roughly half of the QBOi models have realistic convectively coupled Kelvin waves and only a few models have convectively coupled mixed Rossby-gravity waves. The models with stronger convectively coupled waves tend to produce larger zonal mean forcing due to resolved waves in the QBO region. Finally we evaluate the Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux and EP flux divergence of the resolved waves in the QBOi models. We find that there is a large spread in the forcing from resolved waves in the QBO region, and the resolved wave forcing has a robust correlation with model vertical resolution.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1541-1567 |
| Number of pages | 27 |
| Journal | Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
| Volume | 148 |
| Issue number | 744 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2022 Apr 1 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We acknowledge the scientific guidance of the WCRP for helping motivate this work, coordinated under the framework of the Stratosphere–troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) QBO initiative (QBOi) led by JA, NB, KH and SO. The QBOi data archive was kindly hosted by the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA). LH was supported by the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) grant no. NNX14O76G, the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP) grant no. 80NSSC18K0069, and the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program grant no. 80NSSC17K0169. This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement no. 1852977. The CESM project is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation. Portions of this study were supported by the Regional and Global Model Analysis (RGMA) component of the Earth and Environmental System Modeling Program of the US Department of Energy's Office of Biological & Environmental Research (BER) via National Science Foundation IA 1947282. 60LCAM5 and CESM1(WACCM‐110L) simulations were carried out on the Yellowstone high‐performance computing platform. FL and SO were supported by the JPI‐Climate/Belmont Forum project GOTHAM (ANR‐15‐JCLI‐0004‐01, NERC NE/P006779/1). YMC was supported as an National Research Council Fellow through the Physical Sciences Division of ESRL/NOAA. For the EMAC simulations, and PB, TK, and SV acknowledge support by the state of Baden‐Württemberg through bwHPC. YK was supported by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JPSP) KAKENHI grant nos JP15KK0178, JP17K18816 and JP18H01286. YK and KH were supported by the Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through its sponsorship of research at the International Pacific Research Center. SW and YK were partly supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) as part of the Belmont Forum, and by the “Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models (TOUGOU program)" from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. The Earth Simulator was used for MIROC‐ESM and MIOC‐AGCM‐LL simulations. CC and FS have been supported by the Copernicus Climate Change Service, funded by the EU and implemented by ECMWF. NB and AAS were supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme funded by BEIS and Defra.
Funding Information:
ANR/JPI‐Climate/Belmont Forum, GOTHAM(ANR‐15‐JCLI‐0004‐01); Baden‐Württemberg Stiftung, bwHPC; Copernicus Climate Change Service, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JP15KK0178; JP17K18816; JP18H01286; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 80NSSC17K0169; 80NSSC18K0069; NNX14O76G; National Center for Atmospheric Research, NSF Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977 Funding information
Funding Information:
Portions of this study were supported by the Regional and Global Model Analysis (RGMA) component of the Earth and Environmental System Modeling Program of the US Department of Energy's Office of Biological & Environmental Research (BER) via National Science Foundation IA 1947282. 60LCAM5 and CESM1(WACCM-110L) simulations were carried out on the Yellowstone high-performance computing platform. FL and SO were supported by the JPI-Climate/Belmont Forum project GOTHAM (ANR-15-JCLI-0004-01, NERC NE/P006779/1). YMC was supported as an National Research Council Fellow through the Physical Sciences Division of ESRL/NOAA. For the EMAC simulations, and PB, TK, and SV acknowledge support by the state of Baden-Württemberg through bwHPC. YK was supported by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JPSP) KAKENHI grant nos JP15KK0178, JP17K18816 and JP18H01286. YK and KH were supported by the Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through its sponsorship of research at the International Pacific Research Center. SW and YK were partly supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) as part of the Belmont Forum, and by the “Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models (TOUGOU program)" from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. The Earth Simulator was used for MIROC-ESM and MIOC-AGCM-LL simulations. CC and FS have been supported by the Copernicus Climate Change Service, funded by the EU and implemented by ECMWF. NB and AAS were supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme funded by BEIS and Defra.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Royal Meteorological Society.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Atmospheric Science