Abstract
Aim: Metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency are prevalent in older adults, and are considered risk factors for cognitive impairment. We investigated the combined effects of MetS and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels on cognitive function in older adults. Methods: We studied 2940 participants aged ≥65 years from the Korean Urban Rural Elderly cohort study. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the updated Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized into four groups: <25, 25–49, 50–74 and ≥75 nmol/L. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results: Participants with cognitive impairment had higher metabolic syndrome prevalence and lower serum 25(OH)D levels than those without cognitive impairment. In univariate analysis, both metabolic syndrome and low 25(OH)D levels were associated with cognitive impairment. These associations remained unchanged after adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, season and education. In addition, participants with metabolic syndrome and low 25(OH)D had significantly increased odds for cognitive impairment (odds ratio 3.06, 95% CI 1.61–5.80) when compared with those with no metabolic syndrome and high 25(OH)D. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome was associated with cognitive impairment, and this risk was synergistically increased when metabolic syndrome was combined with low 25(OH)D. A focus on individuals with metabolic syndrome and low 25(OH)D might be helpful to identify older adults who are at risk of cognitive impairment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1069–1075.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1069-1075 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Geriatrics and Gerontology International |
Volume | 17 |
Issue number | 7 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2017 Jul |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The present study was supported by funding from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (code 2011-E63005-00, 2012-E63001-001, 2013-E63007-00~02 and 2014-ER6306-00). We thank all the men and women who participated in the Korean Urban Rural Elderly cohort study. The Korean Urban Rural Elderly study team comprises physicians, research scientists, study coordinators, nurses, data managers, statisticians and administrative assistants, who make the study possible. EYL designed the study, analyzed data and wrote the manuscript. SJL analyzed data and prepared the manuscript. JEK, YMY and BMS carried out clinical data collection and revised the manuscript. KMK, HCK, YR and YY carried out data interpretation and revised the manuscript. COK designed the study, interpreted data and revised the manuscript.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Health(social science)
- Gerontology
- Geriatrics and Gerontology