Characteristics of heat transfer in impinging jets by control of vortex pairing

The present study is conducted experimentally to obtain heat transfer characteristics on the impingement surface for controlled jets. Counterflowing or coflowing stream around the jet periphery is used to control the jet at the nozzle lip. The characteristics of flow and heat transfer are studied on two different jet nozzle exit flow conditions, including a fully developed turbulent tube flow and an uniform velocity distribution flow. The experiments are carried out for nozzle-to-plate distances of 2 to 8 nozzle diameters, jet Reynolds numbers in the range of 10,000 to 70,000, and main and secondary flow velocity ratios, R=ΔU/2Ū, of 0.45 to 1.86. The secondary counter- and co-flows change the flow instability conditions in the shear layers resulting in changes of heat transfer on the impingement surface. For secondary counterflows, heat transfer on the impingement surface is changed little for the small nozzle-to-plate distance of H/D=2, but is enhanced on the stagnation region with reduction on the secondary peak region for H/D=4. Augmentation of heat transfer on the stagnation region increases with increasing jet Reynolds numbers. For secondary coflows, the jet potential core extends far downstream due to inhibited development of the vortices, but the heat transfer is reduced significantly and the secondary peak appears downstream with increasing blowing rates.