Comparison of Low-Fat Meal and High-Fat Meal on Postprandial Lipemic Response in Non-Obese Men according to the −1131T>C Polymorphism of the Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) Gene (Randomized Cross-Over Design)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare low-fat (LF) meal and high-fat (HF) meal on the postprandial lipemic responses according to the −1131T>C polymorphism of the APOA5 gene in a population usually consuming a LF diet and having a high frequency of the variant allele at the APOA5 −1131T>C SNP. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-over design and 49 non-obese healthy men (42.8 ± 0.7 yrs, 23.9 ± 0.25 kg/m²) participated in the meal tolerance test. They were randomly assigned to consume one of two types of experimental enteral formulae (LF vs HF) with a seven-day interval. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 3, 4 and 6h after ingestion and analyzed for total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin and free fatty acid. Results: No differences were found in anthropometic parameter, calorie and macronutrient intakes and total energy expenditure between TT (n = 23) and TC + CC (n = 26) men. Fasting total TG were higher in TC + CC men than TT men, but fasting chylomicron TG were not significantly different between TT men and C carriers, TT subjects had no significant differences in postprandial responses of total TG and chylomicron TG and postprandial mean changes of chylomicron TG between LF and HF meal. On the other hand, C carriers had delayed peak time of total TG compared to TT subject and higher postprandial response and mean changes of chylomicron TG at HF meal compared to LF meal. Conclusion: The capacity to clear chylomicron-TG or hydrolyze TG might become a rate-limiting factor on HF diet in TC + CC men resulting in higher postprandial triglyceridemia. Therefore, HF diet for C carriers of the APOA5 gene may be one of important CVD risk factors.