Effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on carbon mineralization in wetland soils

Kyungjin Min; Hojeong Kang; Dowon Lee

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.019

Effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on carbon mineralization in wetland soils

Kyungjin Min, Hojeong Kang, Dowon Lee

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

81 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Wetlands have been recognized as a soil carbon (C) sink due to low decomposition. As decomposition is largely controlled by the availability of soil nitrogen (N), an elevated anthropogenic N input could influence the C balance in wetlands. However, the effects of the form of N on decomposition are poorly understood. Here, a 54-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted, with a diel cycle (day: 22 °C for 13 h; night: 17 °C for 11 h) in order to determine how the dominant N form influences the mineralization of soil C in two adjacent wetland soils, with distinct physicochemical characteristics. Three combinations of N compounds were added at three different rates (0, 30, 60 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1): Ammonium dominant (NH₄Cl + NH₄NO₃); nitrate dominant (NH₄NO₃ + NaNO₃); and ammonium nitrate treatments (NH₄NO₃). In the acidic soil, the CO₂ efflux was reduced with N additions, especially with NH₄NO₃ treatment. In addition, decreases in the microbial enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, phosphatase, and phenol oxidase) and soil pH were observed with NH₄NO₃ and NH4+-dominant treatment. Under alkaline conditions, marginal changes in response to N additions were observed in the soil CO₂ efflux, extractable DOC, simple substrate utilization, enzyme activities and pH. A regression analysis revealed that the changes in pH and enzyme activities after fertilization significantly influenced the soil CO₂ efflux. Our findings suggest that the form of N additions could influence the rate of C cycling in wetland soils via biological (enzyme activities) and chemical (pH) changes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2461-2469
Number of pages	9
Journal	Soil Biology and Biochemistry
Volume	43
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.019
Publication status	Published - 2011 Dec

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Korea Student Aid Foundation (Grant No. S2-2009-000-00449-1 ). We are grateful to PGA for the field sampling, the Ecological Engineering Laboratory at Yonsei University for their warm advices and experimental support, the Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory at Korea University for discussion and use of the elemental analyzer, and Dr. Haeguen Chung, Dr. Donggil Kim, and Dr. Sharon Billings for their invaluable comments. In particular, we appreciate anonymous referees for their very constructive criticisms and comments on our early drafts of this paper. H. Kang is grateful to NRF ( 2010-0028708 ) for financial support.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Microbiology
Soil Science

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10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.019

Cite this

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title = "Effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on carbon mineralization in wetland soils",

abstract = "Wetlands have been recognized as a soil carbon (C) sink due to low decomposition. As decomposition is largely controlled by the availability of soil nitrogen (N), an elevated anthropogenic N input could influence the C balance in wetlands. However, the effects of the form of N on decomposition are poorly understood. Here, a 54-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted, with a diel cycle (day: 22 °C for 13 h; night: 17 °C for 11 h) in order to determine how the dominant N form influences the mineralization of soil C in two adjacent wetland soils, with distinct physicochemical characteristics. Three combinations of N compounds were added at three different rates (0, 30, 60 kg N ha-1 yr-1): Ammonium dominant (NH4Cl + NH4NO3); nitrate dominant (NH4NO3 + NaNO3); and ammonium nitrate treatments (NH4NO3). In the acidic soil, the CO2 efflux was reduced with N additions, especially with NH4NO3 treatment. In addition, decreases in the microbial enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, phosphatase, and phenol oxidase) and soil pH were observed with NH4NO3 and NH4+-dominant treatment. Under alkaline conditions, marginal changes in response to N additions were observed in the soil CO2 efflux, extractable DOC, simple substrate utilization, enzyme activities and pH. A regression analysis revealed that the changes in pH and enzyme activities after fertilization significantly influenced the soil CO2 efflux. Our findings suggest that the form of N additions could influence the rate of C cycling in wetland soils via biological (enzyme activities) and chemical (pH) changes.",

author = "Kyungjin Min and Hojeong Kang and Dowon Lee",

note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the Korea Student Aid Foundation (Grant No. S2-2009-000-00449-1 ). We are grateful to PGA for the field sampling, the Ecological Engineering Laboratory at Yonsei University for their warm advices and experimental support, the Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory at Korea University for discussion and use of the elemental analyzer, and Dr. Haeguen Chung, Dr. Donggil Kim, and Dr. Sharon Billings for their invaluable comments. In particular, we appreciate anonymous referees for their very constructive criticisms and comments on our early drafts of this paper. H. Kang is grateful to NRF ( 2010-0028708 ) for financial support.",

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N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by the Korea Student Aid Foundation (Grant No. S2-2009-000-00449-1 ). We are grateful to PGA for the field sampling, the Ecological Engineering Laboratory at Yonsei University for their warm advices and experimental support, the Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory at Korea University for discussion and use of the elemental analyzer, and Dr. Haeguen Chung, Dr. Donggil Kim, and Dr. Sharon Billings for their invaluable comments. In particular, we appreciate anonymous referees for their very constructive criticisms and comments on our early drafts of this paper. H. Kang is grateful to NRF ( 2010-0028708 ) for financial support.

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N2 - Wetlands have been recognized as a soil carbon (C) sink due to low decomposition. As decomposition is largely controlled by the availability of soil nitrogen (N), an elevated anthropogenic N input could influence the C balance in wetlands. However, the effects of the form of N on decomposition are poorly understood. Here, a 54-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted, with a diel cycle (day: 22 °C for 13 h; night: 17 °C for 11 h) in order to determine how the dominant N form influences the mineralization of soil C in two adjacent wetland soils, with distinct physicochemical characteristics. Three combinations of N compounds were added at three different rates (0, 30, 60 kg N ha-1 yr-1): Ammonium dominant (NH4Cl + NH4NO3); nitrate dominant (NH4NO3 + NaNO3); and ammonium nitrate treatments (NH4NO3). In the acidic soil, the CO2 efflux was reduced with N additions, especially with NH4NO3 treatment. In addition, decreases in the microbial enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, phosphatase, and phenol oxidase) and soil pH were observed with NH4NO3 and NH4+-dominant treatment. Under alkaline conditions, marginal changes in response to N additions were observed in the soil CO2 efflux, extractable DOC, simple substrate utilization, enzyme activities and pH. A regression analysis revealed that the changes in pH and enzyme activities after fertilization significantly influenced the soil CO2 efflux. Our findings suggest that the form of N additions could influence the rate of C cycling in wetland soils via biological (enzyme activities) and chemical (pH) changes.

AB - Wetlands have been recognized as a soil carbon (C) sink due to low decomposition. As decomposition is largely controlled by the availability of soil nitrogen (N), an elevated anthropogenic N input could influence the C balance in wetlands. However, the effects of the form of N on decomposition are poorly understood. Here, a 54-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted, with a diel cycle (day: 22 °C for 13 h; night: 17 °C for 11 h) in order to determine how the dominant N form influences the mineralization of soil C in two adjacent wetland soils, with distinct physicochemical characteristics. Three combinations of N compounds were added at three different rates (0, 30, 60 kg N ha-1 yr-1): Ammonium dominant (NH4Cl + NH4NO3); nitrate dominant (NH4NO3 + NaNO3); and ammonium nitrate treatments (NH4NO3). In the acidic soil, the CO2 efflux was reduced with N additions, especially with NH4NO3 treatment. In addition, decreases in the microbial enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, phosphatase, and phenol oxidase) and soil pH were observed with NH4NO3 and NH4+-dominant treatment. Under alkaline conditions, marginal changes in response to N additions were observed in the soil CO2 efflux, extractable DOC, simple substrate utilization, enzyme activities and pH. A regression analysis revealed that the changes in pH and enzyme activities after fertilization significantly influenced the soil CO2 efflux. Our findings suggest that the form of N additions could influence the rate of C cycling in wetland soils via biological (enzyme activities) and chemical (pH) changes.

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Effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on carbon mineralization in wetland soils

Abstract

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