TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhancement of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions of red ginseng extract by fermentation
AU - Jung, Hyun Joo
AU - Choi, Hojin
AU - Lim, Hye Won
AU - Shin, Daehyun
AU - Kim, Hacksoo
AU - Kwon, Bin
AU - Lee, Jong Eun
AU - Park, Eun Hee
AU - Lim, Chang Jin
PY - 2012/5
Y1 - 2012/5
N2 - Objectives This work aimed to compare some pharmacological properties of red ginseng extract (RG) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG). Methods Antinociceptive activity was analysed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the air pouch, and analysed through the measurement of nitrite content in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. Anti-angiogenic activity was determined using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Key findings In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of FRG was stronger than that of RG in two animal models, vascular permeability and air-pouch models. In the vascular permeability model, the doses of RG and FRG required for half-maximal inhibition (IC50) were 181 and 59 mg/kg, respectively. FRG exhibited significantly stronger antinociceptive activity than RG. In the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response, the IC50 values of RG and FRG were 153 and 27 mg/kg, respectively. Although both RG and FRG were able to suppress production of nitric oxide in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, the suppressive activity of FRG appeared to be stronger than that of RG. However, RG and FRG showed similar anti-angiogenic activity. Conclusions FRG possesses enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity but similar anti-angiogenic activity than RG.
AB - Objectives This work aimed to compare some pharmacological properties of red ginseng extract (RG) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG). Methods Antinociceptive activity was analysed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the air pouch, and analysed through the measurement of nitrite content in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. Anti-angiogenic activity was determined using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Key findings In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of FRG was stronger than that of RG in two animal models, vascular permeability and air-pouch models. In the vascular permeability model, the doses of RG and FRG required for half-maximal inhibition (IC50) were 181 and 59 mg/kg, respectively. FRG exhibited significantly stronger antinociceptive activity than RG. In the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response, the IC50 values of RG and FRG were 153 and 27 mg/kg, respectively. Although both RG and FRG were able to suppress production of nitric oxide in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, the suppressive activity of FRG appeared to be stronger than that of RG. However, RG and FRG showed similar anti-angiogenic activity. Conclusions FRG possesses enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity but similar anti-angiogenic activity than RG.
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U2 - 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01460.x
DO - 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01460.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 22471373
AN - SCOPUS:84862812499
VL - 64
SP - 756
EP - 762
JO - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
JF - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
SN - 0022-3573
IS - 5
ER -