Flavobacterium dauae sp. Nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a tomato plant

A bacterial strain, designated TCH3-2^T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plant grown at Dong-A University Agri-cultural Experiment Station, Republic of Korea. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, obligate aerobic, orange yellow-coloured, motile by gliding and short rod-shaped. Strain TCH3-2^T only grew on 1/2 tryptic soy agar and Luria–Bertani agar among the media tested, with optimum growth at 28 °C and pH 7. Salt of 1% NaCl was necessary to support the growth of TCH3-2^T. Strain TCH3-2^T produced flexirubin-type pigments. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 (55.6%), iso-C_17:0 3-OH (17.9%), summed feature 9 (comprising C_16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C_17:1 ω9c; 10.5%), iso-C_15:0 3-OH (4.8%) and anteiso-C_15:0 (2.3%). The major menaquinone was menaquinone-6 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, five unknown aminolip-ids and three unknown lipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences indicated that TCH3-2^T was closely related to Flavobacterium ummariense DS-12^T (95.16%), Flavobacterium marinum SW105^T (95.14%) and Flavobacterium viscosus YIM 102796^T (94.54%). The draft genome of TCH3-2^T comprised ca. 2.8 Mb with a G+C content of 34.61mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between TCH3-2^T and closely related Flavobacterium species showed that it belongs to a distinct species. Furthermore, the results of morphological, physiological and biochemical tests allowed further phenotypic differentiation of TCH3-2^T from its closest relatives. Thus, chemotaxonomic characteristics together with phylogenetic affiliation illustrate that TCH3-2^T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacte-rium dauae sp. nov. (type strain TCH3-2^T=KACC 19054^T=JCM 34025^T) is proposed.