Gender, public management and organizational performance: evidence from Indonesian public schools

Significant progress has been made to support the positive management-performance link as well as the important role of gender in public management. However, little is known if the current body of knowledge is applicable to developing countries. To fill this gap, this study investigates impacts of school principals’ management functions (managing upward, downward, and outward), and their gender, on school performance in the context of Indonesian public schools. Different findings, compared to the current knowledge accumulated in developed countries, suggest that different approaches to understanding and managing public organizations in developing countries are needed.