Abstract
BACKGROUND:: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent degenerative joint disease involving joint cartilage and its surrounding tissues. OA is the leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. At present, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs, and the primary therapies include exercise and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs until total joint replacement at the end-stage of the disease. METHODS:: In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge in genetic and epigenetic associations and risk factors for OA and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. RESULTS:: Genome-wide association studies and analysis of epigenetic modifications (such as miRNA expression, DNA methylation and histone modifications) conducted across various populations support the notion that there is a genetic basis for certain subsets of OA pathogenesis. CONCLUSION:: With recent advances in the development of genome editing technologies such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, these genetic and epigenetic alternations in OA can be used as platforms from which potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, drug response, and development of potential personalized therapeutic targets for OA can be approached. Furthermore, genome editing has allowed the development of “designer” cells, whereby the receptors, gene regulatory networks, or transgenes can be modified as a basis for new cell-based therapies.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 335-343 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine |
Volume | 16 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2019 Aug 14 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We acknowledge that this review is not exhaustive and the authors apologize to those whose work was not included due to space limitations. This study was supported in part by NIH Grants AR50245, AR48852, AG15768, AR48182, AG46927, OD10707, DK108742, EB018266, AR057235, AR073752, the Arthritis Foundation, and the Nancy Taylor Foundation for Chronic Diseases.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Korean Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Society and Springer Nature B.V.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Biomedical Engineering