Heavy-ion reactions of Cu with 135 MeV/nucleon ¹²C

Target residues from the interaction of copper with 135 MeV/nucleon ¹²C ions have been studied by off-line γ-ray spectroscopy. Cross sections, average forward ranges, and forward-to-backward ratios were measured for 44 products. The data were used to obtain the isobaric-yield distribution, the mean-linear-momentum transfer, and the mean excitation energy. The results are compared with the previous ones from low- and high-energy experiments. The plateau of the recoil-velocity distribution observed at lower intermediate energies disappears at the present energy. The mean excitation energy approaches the limiting value at the present energy. The cross sections of spallation products with mass numbers between 2 3A_{target and} A_target are similar to those observed at relativistic energies, which suggests limiting fragmentation.