Hydrogen-doped viscoplastic liquid metal microparticles for stretchable printed metal lines

Selvaraj Veerapandian; Woosun Jang; Jae Bok Seol; Hongbo Wang; Minsik Kong; Kaliannan Thiyagarajan; Junghyeok Kwak; Gyeongbae Park; Gilwoon Lee; Wonjeong Suh; Insang You; Mehmet Emin Kılıç; Anupam Giri; Lucia Beccai; Aloysius Soon; Unyong Jeong

doi:10.1038/s41563-020-00863-7

Hydrogen-doped viscoplastic liquid metal microparticles for stretchable printed metal lines

Selvaraj Veerapandian, Woosun Jang, Jae Bok Seol, Hongbo Wang, Minsik Kong, Kaliannan Thiyagarajan, Junghyeok Kwak, Gyeongbae Park, Gilwoon Lee, Wonjeong Suh, Insang You, Mehmet Emin Kılıç, Anupam Giri, Lucia Beccai, Aloysius Soon, Unyong Jeong

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

62 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Conductive and stretchable electrodes that can be printed directly on a stretchable substrate have drawn extensive attention for wearable electronics and electronic skins. Printable inks that contain liquid metal are strong candidates for these applications, but the insulating oxide skin that forms around the liquid metal particles limits their conductivity. This study reveals that hydrogen doping introduced by ultrasonication in the presence of aliphatic polymers makes the oxide skin highly conductive and deformable. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atom probe tomography confirmed the hydrogen doping, and first-principles calculations were used to rationalize the obtained conductivity. The printed circuit lines show a metallic conductivity (25,000 S cm^–1), excellent electromechanical decoupling at a 500% uniaxial stretching, mechanical resistance to scratches and long-term stability in wide ranges of temperature and humidity. The self-passivation of the printed lines allows the direct printing of three-dimensional circuit lines and double-layer planar coils that are used as stretchable inductive strain sensors.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	533-540
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nature materials
Volume	20
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-00863-7
Publication status	Published - 2021 Apr

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
S.V. and U.J. acknowledge the support of a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (no. NRF-2020R1A2C3012738), the Center for Advanced Soft-Electronics funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning as Global Frontier Project (CASE-2015M3A6A5072945) and the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT). W.J., E.K. and A.S. gratefully acknowledge support from the Ministry of Science and ICT under the Creative Materials Discovery Program (2018M3D1A1058536) and computational resources from KISTI (KSC-2019-CRE-0024). H.W. and L.B. are thankful for the financial support of a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (‘3D-SITS’) from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (no. 799733). J.B.S. appreciates financial support from the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) of the Korean government (no. 2018R1C1B6008585). The authors thank S. J. Park and J. M. Park (POSTECH) for supporting the rheology measurements.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Chemistry(all)
Materials Science(all)
Condensed Matter Physics
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering

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10.1038/s41563-020-00863-7

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title = "Hydrogen-doped viscoplastic liquid metal microparticles for stretchable printed metal lines",

abstract = "Conductive and stretchable electrodes that can be printed directly on a stretchable substrate have drawn extensive attention for wearable electronics and electronic skins. Printable inks that contain liquid metal are strong candidates for these applications, but the insulating oxide skin that forms around the liquid metal particles limits their conductivity. This study reveals that hydrogen doping introduced by ultrasonication in the presence of aliphatic polymers makes the oxide skin highly conductive and deformable. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atom probe tomography confirmed the hydrogen doping, and first-principles calculations were used to rationalize the obtained conductivity. The printed circuit lines show a metallic conductivity (25,000 S cm–1), excellent electromechanical decoupling at a 500% uniaxial stretching, mechanical resistance to scratches and long-term stability in wide ranges of temperature and humidity. The self-passivation of the printed lines allows the direct printing of three-dimensional circuit lines and double-layer planar coils that are used as stretchable inductive strain sensors.",

author = "Selvaraj Veerapandian and Woosun Jang and Seol, {Jae Bok} and Hongbo Wang and Minsik Kong and Kaliannan Thiyagarajan and Junghyeok Kwak and Gyeongbae Park and Gilwoon Lee and Wonjeong Suh and Insang You and Kılı{\c c}, {Mehmet Emin} and Anupam Giri and Lucia Beccai and Aloysius Soon and Unyong Jeong",

note = "Funding Information: S.V. and U.J. acknowledge the support of a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (no. NRF-2020R1A2C3012738), the Center for Advanced Soft-Electronics funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning as Global Frontier Project (CASE-2015M3A6A5072945) and the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT). W.J., E.K. and A.S. gratefully acknowledge support from the Ministry of Science and ICT under the Creative Materials Discovery Program (2018M3D1A1058536) and computational resources from KISTI (KSC-2019-CRE-0024). H.W. and L.B. are thankful for the financial support of a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship ({\textquoteleft}3D-SITS{\textquoteright}) from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (no. 799733). J.B.S. appreciates financial support from the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) of the Korean government (no. 2018R1C1B6008585). The authors thank S. J. Park and J. M. Park (POSTECH) for supporting the rheology measurements. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

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doi = "10.1038/s41563-020-00863-7",

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AU - Veerapandian, Selvaraj

AU - Jang, Woosun

AU - Seol, Jae Bok

AU - Wang, Hongbo

AU - Kong, Minsik

AU - Thiyagarajan, Kaliannan

AU - Kwak, Junghyeok

AU - Park, Gyeongbae

AU - Lee, Gilwoon

AU - Suh, Wonjeong

AU - You, Insang

AU - Kılıç, Mehmet Emin

AU - Giri, Anupam

AU - Beccai, Lucia

AU - Soon, Aloysius

AU - Jeong, Unyong

N1 - Funding Information: S.V. and U.J. acknowledge the support of a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (no. NRF-2020R1A2C3012738), the Center for Advanced Soft-Electronics funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning as Global Frontier Project (CASE-2015M3A6A5072945) and the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT). W.J., E.K. and A.S. gratefully acknowledge support from the Ministry of Science and ICT under the Creative Materials Discovery Program (2018M3D1A1058536) and computational resources from KISTI (KSC-2019-CRE-0024). H.W. and L.B. are thankful for the financial support of a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (‘3D-SITS’) from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (no. 799733). J.B.S. appreciates financial support from the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) of the Korean government (no. 2018R1C1B6008585). The authors thank S. J. Park and J. M. Park (POSTECH) for supporting the rheology measurements. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2021/4

Y1 - 2021/4

N2 - Conductive and stretchable electrodes that can be printed directly on a stretchable substrate have drawn extensive attention for wearable electronics and electronic skins. Printable inks that contain liquid metal are strong candidates for these applications, but the insulating oxide skin that forms around the liquid metal particles limits their conductivity. This study reveals that hydrogen doping introduced by ultrasonication in the presence of aliphatic polymers makes the oxide skin highly conductive and deformable. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atom probe tomography confirmed the hydrogen doping, and first-principles calculations were used to rationalize the obtained conductivity. The printed circuit lines show a metallic conductivity (25,000 S cm–1), excellent electromechanical decoupling at a 500% uniaxial stretching, mechanical resistance to scratches and long-term stability in wide ranges of temperature and humidity. The self-passivation of the printed lines allows the direct printing of three-dimensional circuit lines and double-layer planar coils that are used as stretchable inductive strain sensors.

AB - Conductive and stretchable electrodes that can be printed directly on a stretchable substrate have drawn extensive attention for wearable electronics and electronic skins. Printable inks that contain liquid metal are strong candidates for these applications, but the insulating oxide skin that forms around the liquid metal particles limits their conductivity. This study reveals that hydrogen doping introduced by ultrasonication in the presence of aliphatic polymers makes the oxide skin highly conductive and deformable. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atom probe tomography confirmed the hydrogen doping, and first-principles calculations were used to rationalize the obtained conductivity. The printed circuit lines show a metallic conductivity (25,000 S cm–1), excellent electromechanical decoupling at a 500% uniaxial stretching, mechanical resistance to scratches and long-term stability in wide ranges of temperature and humidity. The self-passivation of the printed lines allows the direct printing of three-dimensional circuit lines and double-layer planar coils that are used as stretchable inductive strain sensors.

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Hydrogen-doped viscoplastic liquid metal microparticles for stretchable printed metal lines

Abstract

Bibliographical note

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

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