Abstract
Background The skeleton and liver are frequently involved sites of metastasis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Objective To analyze outcomes based on the presence of bone metastases (BMs) and/or liver metastases (LMs) in patients with RCC treated with targeted therapy. Design, setting, and participants We conducted a review from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) of 2027 patients with metastatic RCC. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis We analyzed the impact of the site of metastasis on overall survival (OS) and time-to-treatment failure. Statistical analyses were performed using multivariable Cox regression. Results and limitations The presence of BMs was 34% overall, and when stratified by IMDC risk groups was 27%, 33%, and 43% in the favorable-, intermediate-, and poor-risk groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The presence of LMs was 19% overall and higher in the poor-risk patients (23%) compared with the favorable- or intermediate-risk groups (17%) (p = 0.003). When patients were classified into four groups based on the presence of BMs and/or LMs, the hazard ratio, adjusted for IMDC risk factors, was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.62) for BMs, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.17-1.73) for LMs, and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.47-2.26) for both BMs and LMs compared with other metastatic sites (p < 0.0001). The prediction model performance for OS was significantly improved when BMs and LMs were added to the IMDC prognostic model (likelihood ratio test p < 0.0001). Data in this analysis were collected retrospectively. Conclusions The presence of BMs and LMs in patients treated with targeted agents has a negative impact on survival. Patients with BMs and/or LMs may benefit from earlier inclusion on clinical trials of novel agents or combination-based therapies.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 577-584 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | European Urology |
| Volume | 65 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2014 Mar |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Financial disclosures: Toni K. Choueiri certifies that all conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg, employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending), are the following: Jae-Lyun Lee has received honoraria from Novartis, Bayer, and Pfizer and research funding from Bayer. Jennifer J. Knox has been a consultant and played an advisory role at Aveo and has received research funding from Pfizer. Georg A. Bjarnason has been a consultant and played an advisory role at Pfizer and received honoraria and research funding from Pfizer. Mary J. MacKenzie has an advisory role at Novartis and Pfizer and has received research funding from both. Lori Wood has an advisory role at Pfizer and Novartis and has received research funding from Pfizer, Novartis, and GlaxoSmithKline. Ulka N. Vaishamayan has received honoraria and research funding from Pfizer, Novartis, and GlaxoSmithKline. Sun-Young Rha has an advisory role at Novartis, Pfizer, and GlaxoSmithKline and has received research funding from Novartis and Bayer Korea. Frede Donskov has received research funding from Novartis. Brian I. Rini has an advisory role at Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Aveo, Bayer, and Onyx and has received research funding from GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer. Daniel Y.C. Heng has an advisory role at Aveo, Pfizer, Novartis, and Bayer. Toni K. Choueiri has received research funding from Pfizer and has an advisory role at Aveo, Pfizer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Bayer, and Onyx. All remaining authors have nothing to disclose.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Urology