Induction of cytosine arabinoside-resistant human myeloid leukemia cell death through autophagy regulation by hydroxychloroquine

Yundeok Kim; Ju In Eom; Hoi Kyung Jeung; Ji Eun Jang; Jin Seok Kim; June Won Cheong; Young Sam Kim; Yoo Hong Min

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2015.05.012

Induction of cytosine arabinoside-resistant human myeloid leukemia cell death through autophagy regulation by hydroxychloroquine

Yundeok Kim, Ju In Eom, Hoi Kyung Jeung, Ji Eun Jang, Jin Seok Kim, June Won Cheong, Young Sam Kim, Yoo Hong Min

Department of Internal Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We investigated the effects of the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on cell death of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Ara-C-sensitive (U937, AML-2) and Ara-C-resistant (U937/AR, AML-2/AR) human AML cell lines were used to evaluate HCQ-regulated cytotoxicity, autophagy, and apoptosis as well as effects on cell death-related signaling pathways. We found that HCQ-induced dose- and time-dependent cell death in Ara-C-resistant cells compared to Ara-C-sensitive cell lines. The extent of cell death and features of HCQ-induced autophagic markers including increase in microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) I conversion to LC3-II, beclin-1, ATG5, as well as green fluorescent protein-LC3 positive puncta and autophagosome were remarkably greater in U937/AR cells. Also, p62/SQSTM1 was increased in response to HCQ. p62/SQSTM1 protein interacts with both LC3-II and ubiquitin protein and is degraded in autophagosomes. Therefore, a reduction of p62/SQSTM1 indicates increased autophagic degradation, whereas an increase of p62/SQSTM1 by HCQ indicates inhibited autophagic degradation. Knock down of p62/SQSTM1 using siRNA were prevented the HCQ-induced LC3-II protein level as well as significantly reduced the HCQ-induced cell death in U937/AR cells. Also, apoptotic cell death and caspase activation in U937/AR cells were increased by HCQ, provided evidence that HCQ-induced autophagy blockade. Taken together, our data show that HCQ-induced apoptotic cell death in Ara-C-resistant AML cells through autophagy regulation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	87-96
Number of pages	10
Journal	Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
Volume	73
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2015.05.012
Publication status	Published - 2015 Jul 1

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
M.Y.H. was the principal investigator and takes primary responsibility for the paper. M.Y.H. conceived and designed the experiments. K.Y.D., J.H.K., and E.J.I. performed the laboratory work for this study. K.Y.D. and J.J.E. participated in the statistical analyses. C.J.W., K.Y.S., and K.J.S. contributed reagents/materials and coordinated the research. M.Y.H. and K.Y.D. wrote the paper. The authors report no potential conflicts of interest. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) and funded by the Ministry of Education ( NRF-2012R1A1A2 009114 ), and supported by the Industry-University Cooperation Project ( Yuhan 2013-31-0179 ). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Pharmacology

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10.1016/j.biopha.2015.05.012

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title = "Induction of cytosine arabinoside-resistant human myeloid leukemia cell death through autophagy regulation by hydroxychloroquine",

abstract = "We investigated the effects of the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on cell death of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Ara-C-sensitive (U937, AML-2) and Ara-C-resistant (U937/AR, AML-2/AR) human AML cell lines were used to evaluate HCQ-regulated cytotoxicity, autophagy, and apoptosis as well as effects on cell death-related signaling pathways. We found that HCQ-induced dose- and time-dependent cell death in Ara-C-resistant cells compared to Ara-C-sensitive cell lines. The extent of cell death and features of HCQ-induced autophagic markers including increase in microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) I conversion to LC3-II, beclin-1, ATG5, as well as green fluorescent protein-LC3 positive puncta and autophagosome were remarkably greater in U937/AR cells. Also, p62/SQSTM1 was increased in response to HCQ. p62/SQSTM1 protein interacts with both LC3-II and ubiquitin protein and is degraded in autophagosomes. Therefore, a reduction of p62/SQSTM1 indicates increased autophagic degradation, whereas an increase of p62/SQSTM1 by HCQ indicates inhibited autophagic degradation. Knock down of p62/SQSTM1 using siRNA were prevented the HCQ-induced LC3-II protein level as well as significantly reduced the HCQ-induced cell death in U937/AR cells. Also, apoptotic cell death and caspase activation in U937/AR cells were increased by HCQ, provided evidence that HCQ-induced autophagy blockade. Taken together, our data show that HCQ-induced apoptotic cell death in Ara-C-resistant AML cells through autophagy regulation.",

author = "Yundeok Kim and Eom, {Ju In} and Jeung, {Hoi Kyung} and Jang, {Ji Eun} and Kim, {Jin Seok} and Cheong, {June Won} and Kim, {Young Sam} and Min, {Yoo Hong}",

note = "Funding Information: M.Y.H. was the principal investigator and takes primary responsibility for the paper. M.Y.H. conceived and designed the experiments. K.Y.D., J.H.K., and E.J.I. performed the laboratory work for this study. K.Y.D. and J.J.E. participated in the statistical analyses. C.J.W., K.Y.S., and K.J.S. contributed reagents/materials and coordinated the research. M.Y.H. and K.Y.D. wrote the paper. The authors report no potential conflicts of interest. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) and funded by the Ministry of Education ( NRF-2012R1A1A2 009114 ), and supported by the Industry-University Cooperation Project ( Yuhan 2013-31-0179 ). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.biopha.2015.05.012",

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T1 - Induction of cytosine arabinoside-resistant human myeloid leukemia cell death through autophagy regulation by hydroxychloroquine

AU - Kim, Yundeok

AU - Eom, Ju In

AU - Jeung, Hoi Kyung

AU - Jang, Ji Eun

AU - Kim, Jin Seok

AU - Cheong, June Won

AU - Kim, Young Sam

AU - Min, Yoo Hong

N1 - Funding Information: M.Y.H. was the principal investigator and takes primary responsibility for the paper. M.Y.H. conceived and designed the experiments. K.Y.D., J.H.K., and E.J.I. performed the laboratory work for this study. K.Y.D. and J.J.E. participated in the statistical analyses. C.J.W., K.Y.S., and K.J.S. contributed reagents/materials and coordinated the research. M.Y.H. and K.Y.D. wrote the paper. The authors report no potential conflicts of interest. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) and funded by the Ministry of Education ( NRF-2012R1A1A2 009114 ), and supported by the Industry-University Cooperation Project ( Yuhan 2013-31-0179 ). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation. Publisher Copyright: © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS.

PY - 2015/7/1

Y1 - 2015/7/1

N2 - We investigated the effects of the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on cell death of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Ara-C-sensitive (U937, AML-2) and Ara-C-resistant (U937/AR, AML-2/AR) human AML cell lines were used to evaluate HCQ-regulated cytotoxicity, autophagy, and apoptosis as well as effects on cell death-related signaling pathways. We found that HCQ-induced dose- and time-dependent cell death in Ara-C-resistant cells compared to Ara-C-sensitive cell lines. The extent of cell death and features of HCQ-induced autophagic markers including increase in microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) I conversion to LC3-II, beclin-1, ATG5, as well as green fluorescent protein-LC3 positive puncta and autophagosome were remarkably greater in U937/AR cells. Also, p62/SQSTM1 was increased in response to HCQ. p62/SQSTM1 protein interacts with both LC3-II and ubiquitin protein and is degraded in autophagosomes. Therefore, a reduction of p62/SQSTM1 indicates increased autophagic degradation, whereas an increase of p62/SQSTM1 by HCQ indicates inhibited autophagic degradation. Knock down of p62/SQSTM1 using siRNA were prevented the HCQ-induced LC3-II protein level as well as significantly reduced the HCQ-induced cell death in U937/AR cells. Also, apoptotic cell death and caspase activation in U937/AR cells were increased by HCQ, provided evidence that HCQ-induced autophagy blockade. Taken together, our data show that HCQ-induced apoptotic cell death in Ara-C-resistant AML cells through autophagy regulation.

AB - We investigated the effects of the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on cell death of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Ara-C-sensitive (U937, AML-2) and Ara-C-resistant (U937/AR, AML-2/AR) human AML cell lines were used to evaluate HCQ-regulated cytotoxicity, autophagy, and apoptosis as well as effects on cell death-related signaling pathways. We found that HCQ-induced dose- and time-dependent cell death in Ara-C-resistant cells compared to Ara-C-sensitive cell lines. The extent of cell death and features of HCQ-induced autophagic markers including increase in microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) I conversion to LC3-II, beclin-1, ATG5, as well as green fluorescent protein-LC3 positive puncta and autophagosome were remarkably greater in U937/AR cells. Also, p62/SQSTM1 was increased in response to HCQ. p62/SQSTM1 protein interacts with both LC3-II and ubiquitin protein and is degraded in autophagosomes. Therefore, a reduction of p62/SQSTM1 indicates increased autophagic degradation, whereas an increase of p62/SQSTM1 by HCQ indicates inhibited autophagic degradation. Knock down of p62/SQSTM1 using siRNA were prevented the HCQ-induced LC3-II protein level as well as significantly reduced the HCQ-induced cell death in U937/AR cells. Also, apoptotic cell death and caspase activation in U937/AR cells were increased by HCQ, provided evidence that HCQ-induced autophagy blockade. Taken together, our data show that HCQ-induced apoptotic cell death in Ara-C-resistant AML cells through autophagy regulation.

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ER -

Induction of cytosine arabinoside-resistant human myeloid leukemia cell death through autophagy regulation by hydroxychloroquine

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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