Influence of TiO2/SiO2 and MnO on the viscosity and structure in the TiO2-MnO-SiO2 welding flux system

J. B. Kim; I. Sohn

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.08.010

Influence of TiO₂/SiO₂ and MnO on the viscosity and structure in the TiO₂-MnO-SiO₂ welding flux system

J. B. Kim, I. Sohn

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

44 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The low viscosity of the TiO₂-MnO-SiO₂ based ternary welding flux system has been studied using the rotating spindle method to understand the influence of TiO₂/SiO₂ and MnO on the viscous behavior at high temperatures. Viscosity slightly decreased with increased TiO₂/SiO₂ and MnO due to the limited absolute amount of SiO₂ content and also the depolymerization of the flux due to the supply of free oxygen (O^{2 -}) from the basic oxides of MnO and TiO₂. The flux structure, which directly affects the viscosity of the flux, was verified by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FTIR results showed that the transmittance trough depth of the NBO/Si tetrahedral structure became less pronounced with higher MnO and TiO₂ due to the relative decrease in the absolute SiO₂ concentration and dominant of higher basicity. The SiOTi bending vibration trough also showed a marked decrease with the additions of MnO and TiO₂, which suggests that the change in viscosity for the present flux system may also be the depolymerization of the bridged oxygen in the SiOTi complex network structures. XPS analysis suggested a slight decrease in the O and an increase in the O^{2 -}, O^- with higher TiO ₂ and MnO. Thus, a decrease in the viscosity of the flux with higher TiO₂/SiO₂ and MnO content correlated well with the FTIR and XPS analyses. The apparent activation energy for viscous flow was found to be between 40 and 105 kJ/mol.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	235-243
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Volume	379
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.08.010
Publication status	Published - 2013

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study has been supported by the BK21 (Brain Korea 21) Project in the Division of the Humantronics Information Materials and the Ministry of Knowledge Education grant no. 2011-8-1299 . Special appreciation is warranted to the RIST (Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology) for chemical analysis. This work was supported by the Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology ( 2009-0093823 ).

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Ceramics and Composites
Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Chemistry

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.08.010

Cite this

@article{88e2c98f107e41eba3fc9994f5e1068a,

title = "Influence of TiO2/SiO2 and MnO on the viscosity and structure in the TiO2-MnO-SiO2 welding flux system",

abstract = "The low viscosity of the TiO2-MnO-SiO2 based ternary welding flux system has been studied using the rotating spindle method to understand the influence of TiO2/SiO2 and MnO on the viscous behavior at high temperatures. Viscosity slightly decreased with increased TiO2/SiO2 and MnO due to the limited absolute amount of SiO2 content and also the depolymerization of the flux due to the supply of free oxygen (O2 -) from the basic oxides of MnO and TiO2. The flux structure, which directly affects the viscosity of the flux, was verified by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FTIR results showed that the transmittance trough depth of the NBO/Si tetrahedral structure became less pronounced with higher MnO and TiO2 due to the relative decrease in the absolute SiO2 concentration and dominant of higher basicity. The SiOTi bending vibration trough also showed a marked decrease with the additions of MnO and TiO2, which suggests that the change in viscosity for the present flux system may also be the depolymerization of the bridged oxygen in the SiOTi complex network structures. XPS analysis suggested a slight decrease in the O and an increase in the O2 -, O- with higher TiO 2 and MnO. Thus, a decrease in the viscosity of the flux with higher TiO2/SiO2 and MnO content correlated well with the FTIR and XPS analyses. The apparent activation energy for viscous flow was found to be between 40 and 105 kJ/mol.",

author = "Kim, {J. B.} and I. Sohn",

note = "Funding Information: This study has been supported by the BK21 (Brain Korea 21) Project in the Division of the Humantronics Information Materials and the Ministry of Knowledge Education grant no. 2011-8-1299 . Special appreciation is warranted to the RIST (Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology) for chemical analysis. This work was supported by the Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology ( 2009-0093823 ).",

year = "2013",

doi = "10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.08.010",

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journal = "Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids",

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T1 - Influence of TiO2/SiO2 and MnO on the viscosity and structure in the TiO2-MnO-SiO2 welding flux system

AU - Kim, J. B.

AU - Sohn, I.

N1 - Funding Information: This study has been supported by the BK21 (Brain Korea 21) Project in the Division of the Humantronics Information Materials and the Ministry of Knowledge Education grant no. 2011-8-1299 . Special appreciation is warranted to the RIST (Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology) for chemical analysis. This work was supported by the Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology ( 2009-0093823 ).

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - The low viscosity of the TiO2-MnO-SiO2 based ternary welding flux system has been studied using the rotating spindle method to understand the influence of TiO2/SiO2 and MnO on the viscous behavior at high temperatures. Viscosity slightly decreased with increased TiO2/SiO2 and MnO due to the limited absolute amount of SiO2 content and also the depolymerization of the flux due to the supply of free oxygen (O2 -) from the basic oxides of MnO and TiO2. The flux structure, which directly affects the viscosity of the flux, was verified by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FTIR results showed that the transmittance trough depth of the NBO/Si tetrahedral structure became less pronounced with higher MnO and TiO2 due to the relative decrease in the absolute SiO2 concentration and dominant of higher basicity. The SiOTi bending vibration trough also showed a marked decrease with the additions of MnO and TiO2, which suggests that the change in viscosity for the present flux system may also be the depolymerization of the bridged oxygen in the SiOTi complex network structures. XPS analysis suggested a slight decrease in the O and an increase in the O2 -, O- with higher TiO 2 and MnO. Thus, a decrease in the viscosity of the flux with higher TiO2/SiO2 and MnO content correlated well with the FTIR and XPS analyses. The apparent activation energy for viscous flow was found to be between 40 and 105 kJ/mol.

AB - The low viscosity of the TiO2-MnO-SiO2 based ternary welding flux system has been studied using the rotating spindle method to understand the influence of TiO2/SiO2 and MnO on the viscous behavior at high temperatures. Viscosity slightly decreased with increased TiO2/SiO2 and MnO due to the limited absolute amount of SiO2 content and also the depolymerization of the flux due to the supply of free oxygen (O2 -) from the basic oxides of MnO and TiO2. The flux structure, which directly affects the viscosity of the flux, was verified by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FTIR results showed that the transmittance trough depth of the NBO/Si tetrahedral structure became less pronounced with higher MnO and TiO2 due to the relative decrease in the absolute SiO2 concentration and dominant of higher basicity. The SiOTi bending vibration trough also showed a marked decrease with the additions of MnO and TiO2, which suggests that the change in viscosity for the present flux system may also be the depolymerization of the bridged oxygen in the SiOTi complex network structures. XPS analysis suggested a slight decrease in the O and an increase in the O2 -, O- with higher TiO 2 and MnO. Thus, a decrease in the viscosity of the flux with higher TiO2/SiO2 and MnO content correlated well with the FTIR and XPS analyses. The apparent activation energy for viscous flow was found to be between 40 and 105 kJ/mol.

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