Intensity changes of Indian Ocean dipole mode in a carbon dioxide removal scenario

Soon Il An; Hyo Jin Park; Soong Ki Kim; Jongsoo Shin; Sang Wook Yeh; Jong Seong Kug

doi:10.1038/s41612-022-00246-6

Intensity changes of Indian Ocean dipole mode in a carbon dioxide removal scenario

Soon Il An, Hyo Jin Park, Soong Ki Kim, Jongsoo Shin, Sang Wook Yeh, Jong Seong Kug

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal mode (IOD) is an interannual phenomenon over the tropical Indian Ocean, causing a pronounced impact worldwide. Here, we investigate the mechanism of the change in IOD characteristics in a CO₂ removal simulation for an earth system model (ESM). As the CO₂ concentration increases, the intensity of IOD tends to increase, but at high CO₂ concentrations, further increases decrease the IOD intensity. The minimum IOD amplitude was recorded during the early decrease in CO₂. First, we developed a conceptual model for IOD that is composed of local air-sea coupled feedback, delayed ocean dynamics, El Niño impact, and noise forcing. Then, by adopting ESM results into this simple IOD model, we revealed that the local air–sea coupled feedback is a major factor for changing IOD amplitude, while El Niño does not exert a change in IOD amplitude. The local air–sea coupled feedback including thermocline feedback, wind-evaporation feedback, and Ekman feedback is strongly modified by the air–sea coupling strength during progression of a global warming. Consequently, under the higher CO₂ concentrations, IOD amplitude is reduced due to the weakening of air-sea coupling over tropical Indian Ocean.

Original language	English
Article number	20
Journal	npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Volume	5
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00246-6
Publication status	Published - 2022 Dec

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (NRF-2018R1A5A1024958). Model simulation and data transfer were supported by the National Supercomputing Center with supercomputing resources including technical support (KSC-2019-CHA-0005), the National Center for Meteorological Supercomputer of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), and by the Korea Research Environment Open NETwork (KREONET), respectively.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Global and Planetary Change
Environmental Chemistry
Atmospheric Science

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10.1038/s41612-022-00246-6

Cite this

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title = "Intensity changes of Indian Ocean dipole mode in a carbon dioxide removal scenario",

abstract = "The Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal mode (IOD) is an interannual phenomenon over the tropical Indian Ocean, causing a pronounced impact worldwide. Here, we investigate the mechanism of the change in IOD characteristics in a CO2 removal simulation for an earth system model (ESM). As the CO2 concentration increases, the intensity of IOD tends to increase, but at high CO2 concentrations, further increases decrease the IOD intensity. The minimum IOD amplitude was recorded during the early decrease in CO2. First, we developed a conceptual model for IOD that is composed of local air-sea coupled feedback, delayed ocean dynamics, El Ni{\~n}o impact, and noise forcing. Then, by adopting ESM results into this simple IOD model, we revealed that the local air–sea coupled feedback is a major factor for changing IOD amplitude, while El Ni{\~n}o does not exert a change in IOD amplitude. The local air–sea coupled feedback including thermocline feedback, wind-evaporation feedback, and Ekman feedback is strongly modified by the air–sea coupling strength during progression of a global warming. Consequently, under the higher CO2 concentrations, IOD amplitude is reduced due to the weakening of air-sea coupling over tropical Indian Ocean.",

author = "An, {Soon Il} and Park, {Hyo Jin} and Kim, {Soong Ki} and Jongsoo Shin and Yeh, {Sang Wook} and Kug, {Jong Seong}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (NRF-2018R1A5A1024958). Model simulation and data transfer were supported by the National Supercomputing Center with supercomputing resources including technical support (KSC-2019-CHA-0005), the National Center for Meteorological Supercomputer of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), and by the Korea Research Environment Open NETwork (KREONET), respectively. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

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AU - Yeh, Sang Wook

AU - Kug, Jong Seong

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (NRF-2018R1A5A1024958). Model simulation and data transfer were supported by the National Supercomputing Center with supercomputing resources including technical support (KSC-2019-CHA-0005), the National Center for Meteorological Supercomputer of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), and by the Korea Research Environment Open NETwork (KREONET), respectively. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - The Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal mode (IOD) is an interannual phenomenon over the tropical Indian Ocean, causing a pronounced impact worldwide. Here, we investigate the mechanism of the change in IOD characteristics in a CO2 removal simulation for an earth system model (ESM). As the CO2 concentration increases, the intensity of IOD tends to increase, but at high CO2 concentrations, further increases decrease the IOD intensity. The minimum IOD amplitude was recorded during the early decrease in CO2. First, we developed a conceptual model for IOD that is composed of local air-sea coupled feedback, delayed ocean dynamics, El Niño impact, and noise forcing. Then, by adopting ESM results into this simple IOD model, we revealed that the local air–sea coupled feedback is a major factor for changing IOD amplitude, while El Niño does not exert a change in IOD amplitude. The local air–sea coupled feedback including thermocline feedback, wind-evaporation feedback, and Ekman feedback is strongly modified by the air–sea coupling strength during progression of a global warming. Consequently, under the higher CO2 concentrations, IOD amplitude is reduced due to the weakening of air-sea coupling over tropical Indian Ocean.

AB - The Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal mode (IOD) is an interannual phenomenon over the tropical Indian Ocean, causing a pronounced impact worldwide. Here, we investigate the mechanism of the change in IOD characteristics in a CO2 removal simulation for an earth system model (ESM). As the CO2 concentration increases, the intensity of IOD tends to increase, but at high CO2 concentrations, further increases decrease the IOD intensity. The minimum IOD amplitude was recorded during the early decrease in CO2. First, we developed a conceptual model for IOD that is composed of local air-sea coupled feedback, delayed ocean dynamics, El Niño impact, and noise forcing. Then, by adopting ESM results into this simple IOD model, we revealed that the local air–sea coupled feedback is a major factor for changing IOD amplitude, while El Niño does not exert a change in IOD amplitude. The local air–sea coupled feedback including thermocline feedback, wind-evaporation feedback, and Ekman feedback is strongly modified by the air–sea coupling strength during progression of a global warming. Consequently, under the higher CO2 concentrations, IOD amplitude is reduced due to the weakening of air-sea coupling over tropical Indian Ocean.

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Intensity changes of Indian Ocean dipole mode in a carbon dioxide removal scenario

Abstract

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