Investigating information systems infusion and the moderating role of habit: A user empowerment perspective

Organizations have made significant investments in information systems (IS) implementation. However, more than half of these IS implementations have reported failures due to underutilization. Although it is known that IS infusion is required for realizing expected returns on investments, most IS research has focused on initial adoption and continuance with only a handful examined infusion. These few IS infusion studies have produced inconclusive results as they have employed models and factors that are used for adoption and continued use. Compare to adoption and continuance, IS infusion requires authentic motivation of users. Thus, this study examines IS infusion using user empowerment as the authentic motivation based on the psychological empowerment theory which can explain employee's behavior beyond management prescription. Results show that the four user empowerment dimensions have significant effects on the three IS infusion subtypes. Further, results show that habit attenuates the importance of user competence for extended use and integrative use but reinforces the importance of usage meaning for extended use and user self-determination for integrative use. This study advances our theoretical understanding of IS infusion and offers suggestions to organizations in achieving IS infusion.