Long spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers due to enhanced exchange coupling

Shu Jen Wang; Deepak Venkateshvaran; M. R. Mahani; Uday Chopra; Erik R. McNellis; Riccardo Di Pietro; Sam Schott; Angela Wittmann; Guillaume Schweicher; Murat Cubukcu; Keehoon Kang; Remington Carey; Thomas J. Wagner; Janis N.M. Siebrecht; Daniel P.G.H. Wong; Ian E. Jacobs; Razan O. Aboljadayel; Adrian Ionescu; Sergei A. Egorov; Sebastian Mueller; Olga Zadvorna; Piotr Skalski; Cameron Jellett; Mark Little; Adam Marks; Iain McCulloch; Joerg Wunderlich; Jairo Sinova; Henning Sirringhaus

doi:10.1038/s41928-019-0222-5

Long spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers due to enhanced exchange coupling

Shu Jen Wang, Deepak Venkateshvaran, M. R. Mahani, Uday Chopra, Erik R. McNellis, Riccardo Di Pietro, Sam Schott, Angela Wittmann, Guillaume Schweicher, Murat Cubukcu, Keehoon Kang, Remington Carey, Thomas J. Wagner, Janis N.M. Siebrecht, Daniel P.G.H. Wong, Ian E. Jacobs, Razan O. Aboljadayel, Adrian Ionescu, Sergei A. Egorov, Sebastian MuellerOlga Zadvorna, Piotr Skalski, Cameron Jellett, Mark Little, Adam Marks, Iain McCulloch, Joerg Wunderlich, Jairo Sinova, Henning Sirringhaus

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

43 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Carbon-based semiconductors such as conjugated organic polymers are of potential use in the development of spintronic devices and spin-based information processing. In particular, these materials offer a low spin–orbit coupling strength due to their relatively light constituent chemical elements, which should, in principle, favour long spin diffusion lengths. However, organic polymers are relatively disordered materials and typically have a carrier mobility that is orders of magnitude lower than crystalline inorganic materials. As a result, small spin diffusion lengths of around 50 nm have typically been measured using vertical organic spin valves. Here, we report measuring spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers using a lateral spin transport device architecture, which is based on spin pumping injection and inverse spin Hall detection. The approach suggests that long spin diffusion lengths of more than 1 μm and fast spin transit times of around 10 ns are possible in conjugated polymer systems when they have a sufficiently high spin density (around 10²⁰ cm⁻³). We explain these results in terms of an exchange-based spin diffusion regime in which the exchange interactions decouple spin and charge transport.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	98-107
Number of pages	10
Journal	Nature Electronics
Volume	2
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-019-0222-5
Publication status	Published - 2019 Mar 1

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank L. Vila and S. Auffret from SPINTEC in France for support with the fabrication of Co/Al2O3 films used in the organic nonlocal spin valves. We also thank C. H. W. Barnes and S. J. Brennan from the Thin Film Magnetism group of the Cavendish Laboratory for support with metal deposition, and J. A. Haigh of Hitachi Cambridge Laboratories for discussions on the measurements. K. Müllen of MPI Mainz supplied the polymer CDT-BTZ, for which the authors are grateful. The inputs of C. Chen and J. Armitage on the doping of organic semiconductors is also gratefully acknowledged. D.V. is grateful to X.-J. She for discussions on orthogonal resists. G.S. acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship support from the Wiener-Anspach Foundation and the Leverhulme Trust (Early Career Fellowship supported by the Isaac Newton Trust). I.E.J. acknowledges funding from the Royal Society through a Newton International Fellowship. Finally, the authors are very grateful for the excellent technical support offered by R. Chakalov and R. Beadle during the course of the ERC Synergy grant. Funding from the ERC Synergy Grant SC2 (grant no. 610115) is gratefully acknowledged.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Instrumentation
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1038/s41928-019-0222-5

Cite this

Wang, S. J., Venkateshvaran, D., Mahani, M. R., Chopra, U., McNellis, E. R., Di Pietro, R., Schott, S., Wittmann, A., Schweicher, G., Cubukcu, M., Kang, K., Carey, R., Wagner, T. J., Siebrecht, J. N. M., Wong, D. P. G. H., Jacobs, I. E., Aboljadayel, R. O., Ionescu, A., Egorov, S. A., ... Sirringhaus, H. (2019). Long spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers due to enhanced exchange coupling. Nature Electronics, 2(3), 98-107. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-019-0222-5

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title = "Long spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers due to enhanced exchange coupling",

abstract = "Carbon-based semiconductors such as conjugated organic polymers are of potential use in the development of spintronic devices and spin-based information processing. In particular, these materials offer a low spin–orbit coupling strength due to their relatively light constituent chemical elements, which should, in principle, favour long spin diffusion lengths. However, organic polymers are relatively disordered materials and typically have a carrier mobility that is orders of magnitude lower than crystalline inorganic materials. As a result, small spin diffusion lengths of around 50 nm have typically been measured using vertical organic spin valves. Here, we report measuring spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers using a lateral spin transport device architecture, which is based on spin pumping injection and inverse spin Hall detection. The approach suggests that long spin diffusion lengths of more than 1 μm and fast spin transit times of around 10 ns are possible in conjugated polymer systems when they have a sufficiently high spin density (around 1020 cm−3). We explain these results in terms of an exchange-based spin diffusion regime in which the exchange interactions decouple spin and charge transport.",

author = "Wang, {Shu Jen} and Deepak Venkateshvaran and Mahani, {M. R.} and Uday Chopra and McNellis, {Erik R.} and {Di Pietro}, Riccardo and Sam Schott and Angela Wittmann and Guillaume Schweicher and Murat Cubukcu and Keehoon Kang and Remington Carey and Wagner, {Thomas J.} and Siebrecht, {Janis N.M.} and Wong, {Daniel P.G.H.} and Jacobs, {Ian E.} and Aboljadayel, {Razan O.} and Adrian Ionescu and Egorov, {Sergei A.} and Sebastian Mueller and Olga Zadvorna and Piotr Skalski and Cameron Jellett and Mark Little and Adam Marks and Iain McCulloch and Joerg Wunderlich and Jairo Sinova and Henning Sirringhaus",

note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to thank L. Vila and S. Auffret from SPINTEC in France for support with the fabrication of Co/Al2O3 films used in the organic nonlocal spin valves. We also thank C. H. W. Barnes and S. J. Brennan from the Thin Film Magnetism group of the Cavendish Laboratory for support with metal deposition, and J. A. Haigh of Hitachi Cambridge Laboratories for discussions on the measurements. K. M{\"u}llen of MPI Mainz supplied the polymer CDT-BTZ, for which the authors are grateful. The inputs of C. Chen and J. Armitage on the doping of organic semiconductors is also gratefully acknowledged. D.V. is grateful to X.-J. She for discussions on orthogonal resists. G.S. acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship support from the Wiener-Anspach Foundation and the Leverhulme Trust (Early Career Fellowship supported by the Isaac Newton Trust). I.E.J. acknowledges funding from the Royal Society through a Newton International Fellowship. Finally, the authors are very grateful for the excellent technical support offered by R. Chakalov and R. Beadle during the course of the ERC Synergy grant. Funding from the ERC Synergy Grant SC2 (grant no. 610115) is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2019",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1038/s41928-019-0222-5",

language = "English",

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Wang, SJ, Venkateshvaran, D, Mahani, MR, Chopra, U, McNellis, ER, Di Pietro, R, Schott, S, Wittmann, A, Schweicher, G, Cubukcu, M, Kang, K, Carey, R, Wagner, TJ, Siebrecht, JNM, Wong, DPGH, Jacobs, IE, Aboljadayel, RO, Ionescu, A, Egorov, SA, Mueller, S, Zadvorna, O, Skalski, P, Jellett, C, Little, M, Marks, A, McCulloch, I, Wunderlich, J, Sinova, J & Sirringhaus, H 2019, 'Long spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers due to enhanced exchange coupling', Nature Electronics, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 98-107. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-019-0222-5

TY - JOUR

T1 - Long spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers due to enhanced exchange coupling

AU - Wang, Shu Jen

AU - Venkateshvaran, Deepak

AU - Mahani, M. R.

AU - Chopra, Uday

AU - McNellis, Erik R.

AU - Di Pietro, Riccardo

AU - Schott, Sam

AU - Wittmann, Angela

AU - Schweicher, Guillaume

AU - Cubukcu, Murat

AU - Kang, Keehoon

AU - Carey, Remington

AU - Wagner, Thomas J.

AU - Siebrecht, Janis N.M.

AU - Wong, Daniel P.G.H.

AU - Jacobs, Ian E.

AU - Aboljadayel, Razan O.

AU - Ionescu, Adrian

AU - Egorov, Sergei A.

AU - Mueller, Sebastian

AU - Zadvorna, Olga

AU - Skalski, Piotr

AU - Jellett, Cameron

AU - Little, Mark

AU - Marks, Adam

AU - McCulloch, Iain

AU - Wunderlich, Joerg

AU - Sinova, Jairo

AU - Sirringhaus, Henning

N1 - Funding Information: The authors wish to thank L. Vila and S. Auffret from SPINTEC in France for support with the fabrication of Co/Al2O3 films used in the organic nonlocal spin valves. We also thank C. H. W. Barnes and S. J. Brennan from the Thin Film Magnetism group of the Cavendish Laboratory for support with metal deposition, and J. A. Haigh of Hitachi Cambridge Laboratories for discussions on the measurements. K. Müllen of MPI Mainz supplied the polymer CDT-BTZ, for which the authors are grateful. The inputs of C. Chen and J. Armitage on the doping of organic semiconductors is also gratefully acknowledged. D.V. is grateful to X.-J. She for discussions on orthogonal resists. G.S. acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship support from the Wiener-Anspach Foundation and the Leverhulme Trust (Early Career Fellowship supported by the Isaac Newton Trust). I.E.J. acknowledges funding from the Royal Society through a Newton International Fellowship. Finally, the authors are very grateful for the excellent technical support offered by R. Chakalov and R. Beadle during the course of the ERC Synergy grant. Funding from the ERC Synergy Grant SC2 (grant no. 610115) is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2019/3/1

Y1 - 2019/3/1

N2 - Carbon-based semiconductors such as conjugated organic polymers are of potential use in the development of spintronic devices and spin-based information processing. In particular, these materials offer a low spin–orbit coupling strength due to their relatively light constituent chemical elements, which should, in principle, favour long spin diffusion lengths. However, organic polymers are relatively disordered materials and typically have a carrier mobility that is orders of magnitude lower than crystalline inorganic materials. As a result, small spin diffusion lengths of around 50 nm have typically been measured using vertical organic spin valves. Here, we report measuring spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers using a lateral spin transport device architecture, which is based on spin pumping injection and inverse spin Hall detection. The approach suggests that long spin diffusion lengths of more than 1 μm and fast spin transit times of around 10 ns are possible in conjugated polymer systems when they have a sufficiently high spin density (around 1020 cm−3). We explain these results in terms of an exchange-based spin diffusion regime in which the exchange interactions decouple spin and charge transport.

AB - Carbon-based semiconductors such as conjugated organic polymers are of potential use in the development of spintronic devices and spin-based information processing. In particular, these materials offer a low spin–orbit coupling strength due to their relatively light constituent chemical elements, which should, in principle, favour long spin diffusion lengths. However, organic polymers are relatively disordered materials and typically have a carrier mobility that is orders of magnitude lower than crystalline inorganic materials. As a result, small spin diffusion lengths of around 50 nm have typically been measured using vertical organic spin valves. Here, we report measuring spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers using a lateral spin transport device architecture, which is based on spin pumping injection and inverse spin Hall detection. The approach suggests that long spin diffusion lengths of more than 1 μm and fast spin transit times of around 10 ns are possible in conjugated polymer systems when they have a sufficiently high spin density (around 1020 cm−3). We explain these results in terms of an exchange-based spin diffusion regime in which the exchange interactions decouple spin and charge transport.

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Long spin diffusion lengths in doped conjugated polymers due to enhanced exchange coupling

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Bibliographical note

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