Modification of TiO₂ nanotube surfaces by electro-spray deposition of amoxicillin combined with PLGA for bactericidal effects at surgical implantation sites

Objective. To fabricate the antibiotic-releasing coatings on TiO ₂ nanotube surfaces for wide applications of implant and bone plate in medical and dental surgery, the optimal deposition time of amoxicillin/PLGA solution simultaneously performing non-toxicity and a high bactericidal effect for preventing early implant failures was found. Materials and methods. FE-SEM, ESD and FT-IR were used for confirming deposition of amoxicillin/PLGA on the TiO₂ surface. Also, the elution of amoxicillin/PLGA in a TiO ₂ nanotube surface was measured by a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The bactericidal effect of amoxicillin on the TiO₂ nanotube surface was evaluated by using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were observed by WST assay using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Results. The results indicated that the TiO₂ nanotube surface controlled by electro-spray deposition time with amoxicillin/PLGA solution could provide a high bactericidal effect against S. aureus by the bactericidal effect of amoxicillin, as well as good osteoblast cell proliferation at the TiO ₂ nanotube surface without toxicity. Conclusions. This study used electro-spray deposition (ESD) methodology to obtain amoxicillin deposition in nanotube structures of TiO₂ and found the optimal deposition time of amoxicillin/PLGA solution simultaneously performing non-toxicity and a high bactericidal effect for preventing early implant failures.