Strive for what others want - The role of mindfulness, social pressure, time pressure and time perspectives on designers' happiness

The present study investigated the specific life circumstances that determine designers' happiness measured in terms of life satisfaction and subjective well-being. To this aim, self-reports of 252 participants in an online survey were analysed using psychological measurement instruments for pressure, self-aspects, happiness and mindfulness. The findings highlight that social pressure and time pressure are negatively related to designers' happiness and to positive self-aspects (self-esteem, creative self-efficacy) by a small to medium effect size (r = .21). Judging partially mediates this detrimental effect by a small effect size (r = .09), is highly related to social comparison frequency (r = .50) and global happiness (r = -.40). Present focus and present value relate more positively to global happiness than future focus and future value (r = .17). A positive implication for designers derives from the result that creative self-efficacy closely relates to positive emotions (r = .43) and life satisfaction (r = .40) but is unaffected by social and time pressure.