Study of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray composition using Telescope Array's Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode

R. U. Abbasi; M. Abe; T. Abu-Zayyad; M. Allen; R. Anderson; R. Azuma; E. Barcikowski; J. W. Belz; D. R. Bergman; S. A. Blake; R. Cady; M. J. Chae; B. G. Cheon; J. Chiba; M. Chikawa; W. R. Cho; T. Fujii; M. Fukushima; T. Goto; W. Hanlon; Y. Hayashi; N. Hayashida; K. Hibino; K. Honda; D. Ikeda; N. Inoue; T. Ishii; R. Ishimori; H. Ito; D. Ivanov; C. C.H. Jui; K. Kadota; F. Kakimoto; O. Kalashev; K. Kasahara; H. Kawai; S. Kawakami; S. Kawana; K. Kawata; E. Kido; H. B. Kim; J. H. Kim; J. H. Kim; S. Kitamura; Y. Kitamura; V. Kuzmin; Y. J. Kwon; J. Lan; S. I. Lim; J. P. Lundquist; K. Machida; K. Martens; T. Matsuda; T. Matsuyama; J. N. Matthews; M. Minamino; Y. Mukai; I. Myers; K. Nagasawa; S. Nagataki; T. Nakamura; T. Nonaka; A. Nozato; S. Ogio; J. Ogura; M. Ohnishi; H. Ohoka; K. Oki; T. Okuda; M. Ono; A. Oshima; S. Ozawa; I. H. Park; M. S. Pshirkov; D. C. Rodriguez; G. Rubtsov; D. Ryu; H. Sagawa; N. Sakurai; A. L. Sampson; L. M. Scott; P. D. Shah; F. Shibata; T. Shibata; H. Shimodaira; B. K. Shin; H. S. Shin; J. D. Smith; P. Sokolsky; R. W. Springer; B. T. Stokes; S. R. Stratton; T. Stroman; T. Suzawa; M. Takamura; M. Takeda; R. Takeishi; A. Taketa; M. Takita; Y. Tameda; H. Tanaka; K. Tanaka; M. Tanaka; S. B. Thomas; G. B. Thomson; P. Tinyakov; I. Tkachev; H. Tokuno; T. Tomida; S. Troitsky; Y. Tsunesada; K. Tsutsumi; Y. Uchihori; S. Udo; F. Urban; G. Vasiloff; T. Wong; R. Yamane; H. Yamaoka; K. Yamazaki; J. Yang; K. Yashiro; Y. Yoneda; S. Yoshida; H. Yoshii; R. Zollinger; Z. Zundel

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.11.004

Study of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray composition using Telescope Array's Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode

R. U. Abbasi, M. Abe, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. Allen, R. Anderson, R. Azuma, E. Barcikowski, J. W. Belz, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, R. Cady, M. J. Chae, B. G. Cheon, J. Chiba, M. Chikawa, W. R. Cho, T. Fujii, M. Fukushima, T. Goto, W. HanlonY. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, K. Hibino, K. Honda, D. Ikeda, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, R. Ishimori, H. Ito, D. Ivanov, C. C.H. Jui, K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, K. Kasahara, H. Kawai, S. Kawakami, S. Kawana, K. Kawata, E. Kido, H. B. Kim, J. H. Kim, J. H. Kim, S. Kitamura, Y. Kitamura, V. Kuzmin, Y. J. Kwon, J. Lan, S. I. Lim, J. P. Lundquist, K. Machida, K. Martens, T. Matsuda, T. Matsuyama, J. N. Matthews, M. Minamino, Y. Mukai, I. Myers, K. Nagasawa, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Nonaka, A. Nozato, S. Ogio, J. Ogura, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, K. Oki, T. Okuda, M. Ono, A. Oshima, S. Ozawa, I. H. Park, M. S. Pshirkov, D. C. Rodriguez, G. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, N. Sakurai, A. L. Sampson, L. M. Scott, P. D. Shah, F. Shibata, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, B. K. Shin, H. S. Shin, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, R. W. Springer, B. T. Stokes, S. R. Stratton, T. Stroman, T. Suzawa, M. Takamura, M. Takeda, R. Takeishi, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, S. B. Thomas, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsutsumi, Y. Uchihori, S. Udo, F. Urban, G. Vasiloff, T. Wong, R. Yamane, H. Yamaoka, K. Yamazaki, J. Yang, K. Yashiro, Y. Yoneda, S. Yoshida, H. Yoshii, R. Zollinger, Z. Zundel

Department of Physics

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165 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Previous measurements of the composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) made by the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) and Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) are seemingly contradictory, but utilize different detection methods, as HiRes was a stereo detector and PAO is a hybrid detector. The five year Telescope Array (TA) Middle Drum hybrid composition measurement is similar in some, but not all, respects in methodology to PAO, and good agreement is evident between data and a light, largely protonic, composition when comparing the measurements to predictions obtained with the QGSJetII-03 and QGSJet-01c models. These models are also in agreement with previous HiRes stereo measurements, confirming the equivalence of the stereo and hybrid methods. The data is incompatible with a pure iron composition, for all models examined, over the available range of energies. The elongation rate and mean values of ^Xmax are in good agreement with Pierre Auger Observatory data. This analysis is presented using two methods: data cuts using simple geometrical variables and a new pattern recognition technique.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	49-62
Number of pages	14
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	64
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.11.004
Publication status	Published - 2015 Apr

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The Telescope Array experiment is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research on Specially Promoted Research (21000002) “Extreme Phenomena in the Universe Explored by Highest Energy Cosmic Rays” and for Scientific Research (19104006), and the Inter-University Research Program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research; by the U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-0307098, PHY-0601915, PHY-0649681, PHY-0703893, PHY-0758342, PHY-0848320, PHY-1069280, and PHY-1069286; by the National Research Foundation of Korea (2007–0093860, R32–10130, 2012R1A1A2008381, 2013004883); by the Russian Academy of Sciences, RFBR grants 11–02-01528a and 13–02-01311a (INR), IISN project No. 4.4509.10 and Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VII/37 (ULB). This work was supported by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan. The foundations of Dr. Ezekiel R. and Edna Wattis Dumke, Willard L. Eccles and the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles all helped with generous donations. The State of Utah supported the project through its Economic Development Board, and the University of Utah through the Office of the Vice President for Research. The experimental site became available through the cooperation of the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Air Force. We also wish to thank the people and the officials of Millard County, Utah for their steadfast and warm support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions. An allocation of computer time from the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah is gratefully acknowledged.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier B.V.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Access to Document

10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.11.004

Cite this

Abbasi, R. U., Abe, M., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Chae, M. J., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, W. R., Fujii, T., Fukushima, M., Goto, T., ... Zundel, Z. (2015). Study of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray composition using Telescope Array's Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode. Astroparticle Physics, 64, 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.11.004

@article{d02420295a874d18b827091a96212e06,

title = "Study of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray composition using Telescope Array's Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode",

abstract = "Previous measurements of the composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) made by the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) and Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) are seemingly contradictory, but utilize different detection methods, as HiRes was a stereo detector and PAO is a hybrid detector. The five year Telescope Array (TA) Middle Drum hybrid composition measurement is similar in some, but not all, respects in methodology to PAO, and good agreement is evident between data and a light, largely protonic, composition when comparing the measurements to predictions obtained with the QGSJetII-03 and QGSJet-01c models. These models are also in agreement with previous HiRes stereo measurements, confirming the equivalence of the stereo and hybrid methods. The data is incompatible with a pure iron composition, for all models examined, over the available range of energies. The elongation rate and mean values of Xmax are in good agreement with Pierre Auger Observatory data. This analysis is presented using two methods: data cuts using simple geometrical variables and a new pattern recognition technique.",

author = "Abbasi, {R. U.} and M. Abe and T. Abu-Zayyad and M. Allen and R. Anderson and R. Azuma and E. Barcikowski and Belz, {J. W.} and Bergman, {D. R.} and Blake, {S. A.} and R. Cady and Chae, {M. J.} and Cheon, {B. G.} and J. Chiba and M. Chikawa and Cho, {W. R.} and T. Fujii and M. Fukushima and T. Goto and W. Hanlon and Y. Hayashi and N. Hayashida and K. Hibino and K. Honda and D. Ikeda and N. Inoue and T. Ishii and R. Ishimori and H. Ito and D. Ivanov and Jui, {C. C.H.} and K. Kadota and F. Kakimoto and O. Kalashev and K. Kasahara and H. Kawai and S. Kawakami and S. Kawana and K. Kawata and E. Kido and Kim, {H. B.} and Kim, {J. H.} and Kim, {J. H.} and S. Kitamura and Y. Kitamura and V. Kuzmin and Kwon, {Y. J.} and J. Lan and Lim, {S. I.} and Lundquist, {J. P.} and K. Machida and K. Martens and T. Matsuda and T. Matsuyama and Matthews, {J. N.} and M. Minamino and Y. Mukai and I. Myers and K. Nagasawa and S. Nagataki and T. Nakamura and T. Nonaka and A. Nozato and S. Ogio and J. Ogura and M. Ohnishi and H. Ohoka and K. Oki and T. Okuda and M. Ono and A. Oshima and S. Ozawa and Park, {I. H.} and Pshirkov, {M. S.} and Rodriguez, {D. C.} and G. Rubtsov and D. Ryu and H. Sagawa and N. Sakurai and Sampson, {A. L.} and Scott, {L. M.} and Shah, {P. D.} and F. Shibata and T. Shibata and H. Shimodaira and Shin, {B. K.} and Shin, {H. S.} and Smith, {J. D.} and P. Sokolsky and Springer, {R. W.} and Stokes, {B. T.} and Stratton, {S. R.} and T. Stroman and T. Suzawa and M. Takamura and M. Takeda and R. Takeishi and A. Taketa and M. Takita and Y. Tameda and H. Tanaka and K. Tanaka and M. Tanaka and Thomas, {S. B.} and Thomson, {G. B.} and P. Tinyakov and I. Tkachev and H. Tokuno and T. Tomida and S. Troitsky and Y. Tsunesada and K. Tsutsumi and Y. Uchihori and S. Udo and F. Urban and G. Vasiloff and T. Wong and R. Yamane and H. Yamaoka and K. Yamazaki and J. Yang and K. Yashiro and Y. Yoneda and S. Yoshida and H. Yoshii and R. Zollinger and Z. Zundel",

note = "Funding Information: The Telescope Array experiment is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research on Specially Promoted Research (21000002) “Extreme Phenomena in the Universe Explored by Highest Energy Cosmic Rays” and for Scientific Research (19104006), and the Inter-University Research Program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research; by the U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-0307098, PHY-0601915, PHY-0649681, PHY-0703893, PHY-0758342, PHY-0848320, PHY-1069280, and PHY-1069286; by the National Research Foundation of Korea (2007–0093860, R32–10130, 2012R1A1A2008381, 2013004883); by the Russian Academy of Sciences, RFBR grants 11–02-01528a and 13–02-01311a (INR), IISN project No. 4.4509.10 and Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VII/37 (ULB). This work was supported by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan. The foundations of Dr. Ezekiel R. and Edna Wattis Dumke, Willard L. Eccles and the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles all helped with generous donations. The State of Utah supported the project through its Economic Development Board, and the University of Utah through the Office of the Vice President for Research. The experimental site became available through the cooperation of the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Air Force. We also wish to thank the people and the officials of Millard County, Utah for their steadfast and warm support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions. An allocation of computer time from the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2015",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.11.004",

language = "English",

volume = "64",

pages = "49--62",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Abbasi, RU, Abe, M, Abu-Zayyad, T, Allen, M, Anderson, R, Azuma, R, Barcikowski, E, Belz, JW, Bergman, DR, Blake, SA, Cady, R, Chae, MJ, Cheon, BG, Chiba, J, Chikawa, M, Cho, WR, Fujii, T, Fukushima, M, Goto, T, Hanlon, W, Hayashi, Y, Hayashida, N, Hibino, K, Honda, K, Ikeda, D, Inoue, N, Ishii, T, Ishimori, R, Ito, H, Ivanov, D, Jui, CCH, Kadota, K, Kakimoto, F, Kalashev, O, Kasahara, K, Kawai, H, Kawakami, S, Kawana, S, Kawata, K, Kido, E, Kim, HB, Kim, JH, Kim, JH, Kitamura, S, Kitamura, Y, Kuzmin, V, Kwon, YJ, Lan, J, Lim, SI, Lundquist, JP, Machida, K, Martens, K, Matsuda, T, Matsuyama, T, Matthews, JN, Minamino, M, Mukai, Y, Myers, I, Nagasawa, K, Nagataki, S, Nakamura, T, Nonaka, T, Nozato, A, Ogio, S, Ogura, J, Ohnishi, M, Ohoka, H, Oki, K, Okuda, T, Ono, M, Oshima, A, Ozawa, S, Park, IH, Pshirkov, MS, Rodriguez, DC, Rubtsov, G, Ryu, D, Sagawa, H, Sakurai, N, Sampson, AL, Scott, LM, Shah, PD, Shibata, F, Shibata, T, Shimodaira, H, Shin, BK, Shin, HS, Smith, JD, Sokolsky, P, Springer, RW, Stokes, BT, Stratton, SR, Stroman, T, Suzawa, T, Takamura, M, Takeda, M, Takeishi, R, Taketa, A, Takita, M, Tameda, Y, Tanaka, H, Tanaka, K, Tanaka, M, Thomas, SB, Thomson, GB, Tinyakov, P, Tkachev, I, Tokuno, H, Tomida, T, Troitsky, S, Tsunesada, Y, Tsutsumi, K, Uchihori, Y, Udo, S, Urban, F, Vasiloff, G, Wong, T, Yamane, R, Yamaoka, H, Yamazaki, K, Yang, J, Yashiro, K, Yoneda, Y, Yoshida, S, Yoshii, H, Zollinger, R & Zundel, Z 2015, 'Study of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray composition using Telescope Array's Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 64, pp. 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.11.004

TY - JOUR

T1 - Study of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray composition using Telescope Array's Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode

AU - Abbasi, R. U.

AU - Abe, M.

AU - Abu-Zayyad, T.

AU - Allen, M.

AU - Anderson, R.

AU - Azuma, R.

AU - Barcikowski, E.

AU - Belz, J. W.

AU - Bergman, D. R.

AU - Blake, S. A.

AU - Cady, R.

AU - Chae, M. J.

AU - Cheon, B. G.

AU - Chiba, J.

AU - Chikawa, M.

AU - Cho, W. R.

AU - Fujii, T.

AU - Fukushima, M.

AU - Goto, T.

AU - Hanlon, W.

AU - Hayashi, Y.

AU - Hayashida, N.

AU - Hibino, K.

AU - Honda, K.

AU - Ikeda, D.

AU - Inoue, N.

AU - Ishii, T.

AU - Ishimori, R.

AU - Ito, H.

AU - Ivanov, D.

AU - Jui, C. C.H.

AU - Kadota, K.

AU - Kakimoto, F.

AU - Kalashev, O.

AU - Kasahara, K.

AU - Kawai, H.

AU - Kawakami, S.

AU - Kawana, S.

AU - Kawata, K.

AU - Kido, E.

AU - Kim, H. B.

AU - Kim, J. H.

AU - Kitamura, S.

AU - Kitamura, Y.

AU - Kuzmin, V.

AU - Kwon, Y. J.

AU - Lan, J.

AU - Lim, S. I.

AU - Lundquist, J. P.

AU - Machida, K.

AU - Martens, K.

AU - Matsuda, T.

AU - Matsuyama, T.

AU - Matthews, J. N.

AU - Minamino, M.

AU - Mukai, Y.

AU - Myers, I.

AU - Nagasawa, K.

AU - Nagataki, S.

AU - Nakamura, T.

AU - Nonaka, T.

AU - Nozato, A.

AU - Ogio, S.

AU - Ogura, J.

AU - Ohnishi, M.

AU - Ohoka, H.

AU - Oki, K.

AU - Okuda, T.

AU - Ono, M.

AU - Oshima, A.

AU - Ozawa, S.

AU - Park, I. H.

AU - Pshirkov, M. S.

AU - Rodriguez, D. C.

AU - Rubtsov, G.

AU - Ryu, D.

AU - Sagawa, H.

AU - Sakurai, N.

AU - Sampson, A. L.

AU - Scott, L. M.

AU - Shah, P. D.

AU - Shibata, F.

AU - Shibata, T.

AU - Shimodaira, H.

AU - Shin, B. K.

AU - Shin, H. S.

AU - Smith, J. D.

AU - Sokolsky, P.

AU - Springer, R. W.

AU - Stokes, B. T.

AU - Stratton, S. R.

AU - Stroman, T.

AU - Suzawa, T.

AU - Takamura, M.

AU - Takeda, M.

AU - Takeishi, R.

AU - Taketa, A.

AU - Takita, M.

AU - Tameda, Y.

AU - Tanaka, H.

AU - Tanaka, K.

AU - Tanaka, M.

AU - Thomas, S. B.

AU - Thomson, G. B.

AU - Tinyakov, P.

AU - Tkachev, I.

AU - Tokuno, H.

AU - Tomida, T.

AU - Troitsky, S.

AU - Tsunesada, Y.

AU - Tsutsumi, K.

AU - Uchihori, Y.

AU - Udo, S.

AU - Urban, F.

AU - Vasiloff, G.

AU - Wong, T.

AU - Yamane, R.

AU - Yamaoka, H.

AU - Yamazaki, K.

AU - Yang, J.

AU - Yashiro, K.

AU - Yoneda, Y.

AU - Yoshida, S.

AU - Yoshii, H.

AU - Zollinger, R.

AU - Zundel, Z.

N1 - Funding Information: The Telescope Array experiment is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research on Specially Promoted Research (21000002) “Extreme Phenomena in the Universe Explored by Highest Energy Cosmic Rays” and for Scientific Research (19104006), and the Inter-University Research Program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research; by the U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-0307098, PHY-0601915, PHY-0649681, PHY-0703893, PHY-0758342, PHY-0848320, PHY-1069280, and PHY-1069286; by the National Research Foundation of Korea (2007–0093860, R32–10130, 2012R1A1A2008381, 2013004883); by the Russian Academy of Sciences, RFBR grants 11–02-01528a and 13–02-01311a (INR), IISN project No. 4.4509.10 and Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VII/37 (ULB). This work was supported by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan. The foundations of Dr. Ezekiel R. and Edna Wattis Dumke, Willard L. Eccles and the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles all helped with generous donations. The State of Utah supported the project through its Economic Development Board, and the University of Utah through the Office of the Vice President for Research. The experimental site became available through the cooperation of the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Air Force. We also wish to thank the people and the officials of Millard County, Utah for their steadfast and warm support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions. An allocation of computer time from the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2015/4

Y1 - 2015/4

N2 - Previous measurements of the composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) made by the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) and Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) are seemingly contradictory, but utilize different detection methods, as HiRes was a stereo detector and PAO is a hybrid detector. The five year Telescope Array (TA) Middle Drum hybrid composition measurement is similar in some, but not all, respects in methodology to PAO, and good agreement is evident between data and a light, largely protonic, composition when comparing the measurements to predictions obtained with the QGSJetII-03 and QGSJet-01c models. These models are also in agreement with previous HiRes stereo measurements, confirming the equivalence of the stereo and hybrid methods. The data is incompatible with a pure iron composition, for all models examined, over the available range of energies. The elongation rate and mean values of Xmax are in good agreement with Pierre Auger Observatory data. This analysis is presented using two methods: data cuts using simple geometrical variables and a new pattern recognition technique.

AB - Previous measurements of the composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) made by the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) and Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) are seemingly contradictory, but utilize different detection methods, as HiRes was a stereo detector and PAO is a hybrid detector. The five year Telescope Array (TA) Middle Drum hybrid composition measurement is similar in some, but not all, respects in methodology to PAO, and good agreement is evident between data and a light, largely protonic, composition when comparing the measurements to predictions obtained with the QGSJetII-03 and QGSJet-01c models. These models are also in agreement with previous HiRes stereo measurements, confirming the equivalence of the stereo and hybrid methods. The data is incompatible with a pure iron composition, for all models examined, over the available range of energies. The elongation rate and mean values of Xmax are in good agreement with Pierre Auger Observatory data. This analysis is presented using two methods: data cuts using simple geometrical variables and a new pattern recognition technique.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84917706872&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84917706872&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.11.004

DO - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.11.004

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84917706872

SN - 0927-6505

VL - 64

SP - 49

EP - 62

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

ER -

Study of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray composition using Telescope Array's Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode

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