Abstract
Despite the significant advantages of liquid metals, such as outstanding mechanical deformability and good electrical conductivity, their intrinsic opacity and unsuitability for conventional photolithography processing have limited their extensive utilization for transparent conductive films. Herein, we present the formation of transparent and stretchable electrodes of liquid metals using a direct printing method with high resolutions. Conductive grid structures of liquid metals can be printed directly at room temperature with linewidth below 5 µm with no additional processing, and they exhibit superb optoelectronic properties (low sheet resistance of 1.7 Ω sq−1 at high transmittance of 90.1%). Also, after their encapsulation with an elastomeric layer, these fine grid patterns are transferrable from printed regions onto various nonplanar surfaces. In addition, the bifacial perovskite solar cells fabricated using these transparent electrodes have high power conversion efficiency, i.e., 14.12%, with an outstanding bifaciality factor of 81.09%. In addition, these fine grids of liquid metals can be operated as transparent heaters that operate reliably and have rapid heating rates even in the extremely cold environment of − 30 °C, which is significantly lower than their melting temperature (15.5 °C). Thus, their use may be a promising strategy for next-generation free-form electronics and automobile applications.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 106857 |
Journal | Nano Energy |
Volume | 93 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2022 Mar |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by Hyundai-NGV (Program: R-2046960003 ) as well as the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) of Korea through the National Research Foundation for Nano Material Technology Development Program ( 2021M3H4A1A01079416 , 2021M3D1A2049914 , and 2021M3D1A2049865 ), the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program ( 2018M3A9F1021649 ), the Korea Initiative for fostering University of Research and Innovation ( KIURI ) Program ( 2020M3H1A1077207 ), Human Resource Development Program for Industrial Innovation ( P0002019 ), and the Technology Innovation Program ( 20010366 and 20013621 , Center for Super Critical Material Industrial Technology). Also, Young-Geun Park thanks to the Sejong Science Fellowship ( 2021R1C1C2008657 ).
Funding Information:
This work was supported by Hyundai-NGV (Program: R-2046960003) as well as the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) of Korea through the National Research Foundation for Nano Material Technology Development Program (2021M3H4A1A01079416, 2021M3D1A2049914, and 2021M3D1A2049865), the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program (2018M3A9F1021649), the Korea Initiative for fostering University of Research and Innovation (KIURI) Program (2020M3H1A1077207), Human Resource Development Program for Industrial Innovation (P0002019), and the Technology Innovation Program (20010366 and 20013621, Center for Super Critical Material Industrial Technology). Also, Young-Geun Park thanks to the Sejong Science Fellowship (2021R1C1C2008657).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Materials Science(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering