Abstract
The assembly of micro- and nanomaterials is a key issue in the development of potential bottom-up construction of building blocks, but creating periodic arrays of such materials in an efficient and scalable manner still remains challenging. Here, we show that a cymatic assembly approach in which micro- and nanomaterials in a liquid medium that resonate at low-frequency standing waves can be used for the assembly in a spatially periodic and temporally stationary fashion that emerges from the wave displacement antinodes of the standing wave. We also show that employing a two-dimensional liquid, rather than a droplet, with a coffee-ring effect yields a result that exhibits distinct lattice equivalents comprising the materials. The crystallographic parameters, such as the lattice parameters, can be adjusted, where the parameters along the x- and y-axes are controlled by the applied wave frequencies, and the one along z-axis is controlled by a transparent layer as a spacer to create three-dimensional crystal equivalents. This work represents an advancement in assembling micro- and nanomaterials into macroscale architectures on the centimeter-length scale, thus establishing that a standing wave can direct micro- and nanomaterial assembly to mimic plane and space lattices.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 6472-6479 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Nano letters |
Volume | 16 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2016 Oct 12 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2016 American Chemical Society.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Bioengineering
- Chemistry(all)
- Materials Science(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Mechanical Engineering