What is a superior labial frenulum? An anatomical and histological study

Joe Iwanaga; Puhan He; Keiko Fukino; Mi Sun Hur; Hee Jin Kim; Aya Han; Koichi Watanabe; Soichiro Ibaragi; Norio Kitagawa; R. Shane Tubbs

doi:10.1002/ca.23973

What is a superior labial frenulum? An anatomical and histological study

Joe Iwanaga, Puhan He, Keiko Fukino, Mi Sun Hur, Hee Jin Kim, Aya Han, Koichi Watanabe, Soichiro Ibaragi, Norio Kitagawa, R. Shane Tubbs

Department of Oral Biology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Anatomy of the superior labial frenulum (SLF), at first glance, seems to be well established. However, existing studies on the SLF lack description of the incisivus labii superioris (ILS), which cannot be ignored when discussing the SLF. We believe that thorough understanding of the SLF necessitates the anatomical knowledge of the ILS. This study aimed to elucidate the anatomical relationship between the orbicularis oris (OO), ILS, and SLF. A total of 20 formalin fixed human cadaveric specimens were used for gross anatomical and/or histological observation. For histological observation, all specimens were stained with Masson-trichrome. The SLF was a mucosal fold between the gingival mucosa and alveolar mucosa with connective tissue deep to it. The connective tissue attached to the alveolar bone in the junction between the right and left ILS. Skeletal muscle fibers other than orbicularis oris was found in one specimen, which were considered the ILS. During a frenulectomy, removal of the connective tissue bundle is required to prevent recurrence of the high SLF insertion.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	161-169
Number of pages	9
Journal	Clinical Anatomy
Volume	36
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23973
Publication status	Published - 2023 Jan

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors sincerely thank those who donated their bodies to science so that anatomical research could be performed. Results from such research can potentially increase mankind's overall knowledge that can then improve patient care. Therefore, these donors and their families deserve our highest gratitude (Iwanaga et al., 2021).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Association of Clinical Anatomists and British Association of Clinical Anatomists.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Anatomy
Histology

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10.1002/ca.23973

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title = "What is a superior labial frenulum? An anatomical and histological study",

abstract = "Anatomy of the superior labial frenulum (SLF), at first glance, seems to be well established. However, existing studies on the SLF lack description of the incisivus labii superioris (ILS), which cannot be ignored when discussing the SLF. We believe that thorough understanding of the SLF necessitates the anatomical knowledge of the ILS. This study aimed to elucidate the anatomical relationship between the orbicularis oris (OO), ILS, and SLF. A total of 20 formalin fixed human cadaveric specimens were used for gross anatomical and/or histological observation. For histological observation, all specimens were stained with Masson-trichrome. The SLF was a mucosal fold between the gingival mucosa and alveolar mucosa with connective tissue deep to it. The connective tissue attached to the alveolar bone in the junction between the right and left ILS. Skeletal muscle fibers other than orbicularis oris was found in one specimen, which were considered the ILS. During a frenulectomy, removal of the connective tissue bundle is required to prevent recurrence of the high SLF insertion.",

author = "Joe Iwanaga and Puhan He and Keiko Fukino and Hur, {Mi Sun} and Kim, {Hee Jin} and Aya Han and Koichi Watanabe and Soichiro Ibaragi and Norio Kitagawa and Tubbs, {R. Shane}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors sincerely thank those who donated their bodies to science so that anatomical research could be performed. Results from such research can potentially increase mankind's overall knowledge that can then improve patient care. Therefore, these donors and their families deserve our highest gratitude (Iwanaga et al., 2021). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 American Association of Clinical Anatomists and British Association of Clinical Anatomists.",

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AU - He, Puhan

AU - Fukino, Keiko

AU - Hur, Mi Sun

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AU - Han, Aya

AU - Watanabe, Koichi

AU - Ibaragi, Soichiro

AU - Kitagawa, Norio

AU - Tubbs, R. Shane

N1 - Funding Information: The authors sincerely thank those who donated their bodies to science so that anatomical research could be performed. Results from such research can potentially increase mankind's overall knowledge that can then improve patient care. Therefore, these donors and their families deserve our highest gratitude (Iwanaga et al., 2021). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Association of Clinical Anatomists and British Association of Clinical Anatomists.

PY - 2023/1

Y1 - 2023/1

N2 - Anatomy of the superior labial frenulum (SLF), at first glance, seems to be well established. However, existing studies on the SLF lack description of the incisivus labii superioris (ILS), which cannot be ignored when discussing the SLF. We believe that thorough understanding of the SLF necessitates the anatomical knowledge of the ILS. This study aimed to elucidate the anatomical relationship between the orbicularis oris (OO), ILS, and SLF. A total of 20 formalin fixed human cadaveric specimens were used for gross anatomical and/or histological observation. For histological observation, all specimens were stained with Masson-trichrome. The SLF was a mucosal fold between the gingival mucosa and alveolar mucosa with connective tissue deep to it. The connective tissue attached to the alveolar bone in the junction between the right and left ILS. Skeletal muscle fibers other than orbicularis oris was found in one specimen, which were considered the ILS. During a frenulectomy, removal of the connective tissue bundle is required to prevent recurrence of the high SLF insertion.

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What is a superior labial frenulum? An anatomical and histological study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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